A part of Sustainable recycling of “green” plastics project Recycling of bio/petro blends.

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Presentation transcript:

A part of Sustainable recycling of “green” plastics project Recycling of bio/petro blends

The focus is on highlighting challenges with new bio- petro blends as a new class of materials, identification, compatibility and recyclability. The aim of this work was to study reprocessing of some commercial blends, evaluation of properties and degradation. Aim of the work

 Choice of materials  Investigation of the effects of repeated extrusion on material´s degradation  Thermal and mechanical analysis for determination of miscibility  Simulation of ”service life & recycling” using combination of repeated extrusion and ageing. Study of the effects on material degradation  Choice of materials  Investigation of the effects of repeated extrusion on material´s degradation  Thermal and mechanical analysis for determination of miscibility  Simulation of ”service life & recycling” using combination of repeated extrusion and ageing. Study of the effects on material degradation Work plan

Commercial polymer blends used in the study PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) pure and blends : –PLA 3051D injection moulding grade from Nature Work –PLA/HDPE (39%) renewable- RTP2099X115382C from Nature Work –PLA/PC (32%) renewable- RTP2099X from Nature Work

Processing and ageing of the materials In-Lab PLA Granule, pressed material PLA/HDPE Granule, pressed material, extruded 1- 6 times PLA/PC Granule, pressed material, extruded 1- 6 times, pressed and aged, extruded and aged, extruded, aged and extruded again, extruded and aged 2 times At-Industry PLA Granule PLA/HDPE Granule, extruded 3 times PLA/PC Granule, pressed material, extruded 2 times

Simulation of pre-consumer recycling ”At Laboratory” Extrusion Material for testing  Bio/petro material (with additives) Drying  FTIR  DSC  Mechanical testing

Extrusion Material for testing  Bio/petro material (with additives) Drying  FTIR  DSC  Mechanical testing Simulation of pre-consumer recycling ”At industry”

”Life cycle” Extrusion Material for evaluation  Bio/petro material (with additives) Drying  FTIR  DSC  Mechanical testing Ageing Material for evaluation 70 ºC & 50 % RH Period 7 weeks Simulation of post-consumer recycling ”At Laboratory”

Evaluation of simulated pre- and post-consumer recycling  E-modulus at tensile insignificantly decreased with the number of extrusions.  Double ageing period caused decrease of E-modulus in PLA/PC ProcessingE-modulus PLA/HDPE [MPa] E-modulus PLA/PC [MPa] 0 Extrusion ( pressed) Extrusion 1 time Extrusion 2 times Extrusion 3 times Extrusion 4 times Extrusion 6 times Extrusion 1 time +1 ageing Extrusion 1 time+1 ageing + Extrusion again Extrusion 1 time+1 ageing + ageing again -1503

DSC: Tg, Tc and Tm for PLA/PC blend after repeated extrusion MaterialTgTcTm Pressed, non-extruded58, ,1 Extruded 1 time58,9107,8170,2 Extruded 2 times58,6106,2169,5 Extruded 3 times58,7103,6169,7 Extruded 6 times58,6102,6169,2  Glass transition temperature for PLA and PC has not changed after repeated extrusion.  Crystallization temperature of PLA has decreased.  Melt temperature has changed slightly.

MaterialTgTcTgTm Pressed, non-extruded58, ,1 Extruded 1 time58,9107,8170,2 Extruded 6 times58,6102,6169,2 Extruded 1 time + ageing56,4104,7144,2167,4 DSC: Tg, Tc and Tm for PLA/PC after repeated extrusion and combination of extrusion and ageing  Ageing causes degradation of PLA/PC (lower Tg,Tc and Tm)

MaterialTgTcTgTm Pressed, non-extruded58, ,3170,1 Extruded 1 time58,9107,8147,2170,2 Extruded 6 times58,6102,6146,5169,2 Extruded 1 time + ageing56,4104,7144,2167,4 Extruded 1 time + ageing + Extruded again 55,3104,9144,0167,0 Extruded 1 time + ageing + Ageing again ?73, ,5 DSC: Tg, Tc and Tm for PLA/PC after repeated extrusion and combination of extrusion and ageing  Ageing has a significant effect on degradation of PLA/PC

Red: Virgin PLA Light blue: PC-PLA pressed Blue: PC-PLA Extruded 1 time Green: PC-PLA Extruded 6 times FTIR spectra of PLA and PLA/PC blend after repeated extrusion  No obvious change due to repeated extrusion

Increasing of Bis Phenol A by aging of PC / PLA MaterialConcentration of Bis Phenol A [mg/g] Non extrusion/granule0,13 Extrusion 6 times0,61 Extrusion once + ageing + ageing + ageing (B1A3) 2,3 Concentration of Bis Phenol A increases almost 20 times by combination of extrusion and ageing

MaterialTg1TcTm1Tm2 Pressed/ Non extruded 59,4107,1132,8168,8 Extruded 1 time59,8108,1133,9169,5 Extruded 2 times59,8107,6133,8169,2 Extruded 3 times59,9106,7133,8169,2 Extruded 6 times59,8105,2134,3168,8 DSC thermogram and changing of Tg, Tc and Tm för PLA/HDPE  Small effect on crystallization temperature

Blue: Virgin PLA Red: HDPE-PLA pressed Purple: HDPE-PLA Extrud 1 time Green: HDPE-PLA Extrud 6 times FTIR spectra for PLA and PLA/HDPE blend  No obvious change due to repeated extrusion

Acknowledgements Organizing committee for the opportunity to present our results MISTRA for the financial support My co-workers for the fruitful collaboration Thank you for your kind attention !