Chapter 13: The Rise of Rome Lesson 2 - The Roman Republic Jedi Journal (Learning Target Notes)

3. I can examine the effects of self-rule on Roman society. 1.Self-rule led to two different classes of citizens. 2.Wealthy landowners that held the highest government jobs were called the patricians. 3.Common farmers that could vote, but were not allowed holding government jobs were called the plebeians. Plebeians typically had jobs requiring physical labor. 4.The patrician’s power caused tension between the two classes. 5.In order to ease tensions, a constitution called The Twelve Tables was established to provide basic rights and duties for Roman citizens. 6.The principle of equality still did not apply in the Roman government.

4. I can describe how Rome’s republican government was organized. 1.A republic is a type of democracy. 2.Executive branch: 2 consuls elected for 1 year; led the government and army. 3.Legislative branch: Senate of 300 members (patricians) advised consuls and set policies; Assemblies (plebeians) made laws and selected officials. 4.Judicial branch: 8 judges that oversaw the courts and governed policies. 5.Legal Code: The Twelve Tables – basis of Roman law, which established citizens’ rights.

5. I can analyze the causes and effects of Roman expansion. 1.By 275 B.C. the Romans had defeated the Etruscans and others in Italy. They controlled the entire Italian peninsula. 2.They fought a rich trading city in North Africa called Carthage in three long wars called the Punic Wars. These wars were fought due to competition over trade. 3.At the end of the Punic Wars, Rome territory extended from Spain to Greece. 4.Roman conquerors brought back wealth and slaves. 5.They bought large estates and farmed using slave labor. Small farms could not compete. 6.As a result, the gap between rich and poor grew wider and caused great tension.