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Explorers The BIG ideas Astronomy and Science Colonization American Revolution 100 Point 200 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points 100 Point 200 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points 300 Points 400 Points 500 Points Major Advance- ments

The year, the discoverer, and the country he sailed under, for the one who came to the Americas

1492, Columbus, Spain

He was the first to start charting and training sailors for a route around or through Africa to get to Asia, and his country

Henry the Navigator; Portugal

He is the first to get around Africa and make it to India

Vasco da Gama

He is the first to discover the Cape of Good

Bartholomeu Dias

This English explorer sailed for England and The Netherlands, and was left to die in the cold in Canada in 1611

Henry Hudson

It’s the definition and two examples of the Columbian Exchange

The exchange of goods, people, and ideas between the new and old world that occurred after 1492

It’s the definition of a joint-stock company

When investors fund an idea or expedition in return for a share of the profit made by the company

This is the name for a person who has a big idea, takes a chance to develop and market that idea, and hopefully, profits from that idea when they start a business

Entrepreneur

It’s the word whose meaning has to do with using science and reason to make society and government better, Locke in your answer!

The Enlightenment

The scientific revolution began in this area of study– if you don’t know the answer, don’t let it burst your hubble– I mean bubble…

Astronomy

These two inventions allowed sailors to sail into the wind

Improved rudders and triangular sails

These two inventions gave sailors the confidence to leave sight of land and still be able to tell where they were and what direction they were going

Compass and Astrolabe

Better maps allowed sailors to have an easier time getting around; so did the invention of this grid system used with maps

Latitude and Longitude

This type of Portuguese ship had many masts and smaller sails, allowing it to push a big ship very quickly; it came to dominate the seas during the age of exploration

Caravel

His invention of the telescope changed the way people looked at astronomy and their place in the world

Galileo Galilei

This Egyptian-born astronomer came up with the theory that the Earth was the center of the solar system- his theory lasted over 1000 years

Ptolemy

This astronomer correctly modeled the solar system, putting the sun at the center

Copernicus

This astronomer correctly theorized that the planets orbit in ellipses, not in a perfect circle

Johannes Kepler

This mathematician developed the universal law of gravitation, saying that the force of gravity holds the entire solar system together by keeping the sun and planets in their orbits

Isaac Newton

This famous French thinker summed up the basis of his existence by saying, “I think, therefore I am.”

Rene Descartes

These three nations colonized North America, and their location and religion

France- Catholic, Canada and Mississippi River Spain- Catholic, Mesoamerica England- Protestant, east coast of present day U.S.

This war resulted in France losing its North American colonies

French and Indian War

The House of Burgesses is the first example of this type of Government

Representative Government

It’s the first colony set up by the English in North America

Jamestown

It’s the year and place of landing, and religion of the Pilgrims

1620, Plymouth, Puritan

Much of the resentment and events in the lead-up to the Revolution happened in this city

Boston

The colonists were mad that Parliament passed a series of taxes to pay war debt- starting with this one

Sugar Act or Stamp Act

This person wrote the Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson

In these two years, the colonies declared independence, and that independence was recognized

1776 and 1783

This group helped the colonists win the final revolutionary battle, by showing up with this

French, they brought their navy

Make your wager

Using the words colony, import, export, commerce, cottage industry, precious metals, and resources, write a definition for mercantilism

The theory of mercantilism held that a nation’s power rested in it’s supply of precious metals. Therefore it sought to import less goods than it exported, gain colonies to exploit resources, and used the cottage industry to have poor people help mass produce goods for market. This helped them collect gold and silver and gain power over their rivals.