UNCLASSIFIED 1 Civilian Humanitarian Agencies Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance MPAT TE June 2007

UNCLASSIFIED 2 Objectives Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and Introduction to donor agencies.

UNCLASSIFIED 3 Objectives Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and Introduction to donor agencies.

UNCLASSIFIED 4 Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Humanitarian Agencies’ & Mandates: Migration Children Food aid Refugees Health

UNCLASSIFIED 5 Cluster Approach – Why it was developed “Sectors” – examples: Food aid; Education; Water, sanitation & hygiene; Shelter; Health; Protection, etc.

UNCLASSIFIED 6 Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

UNCLASSIFIED 7 Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Humanitarian Agencies’ Mandates:

UNCLASSIFIED 8 Cluster Approach – Why it was developed Former Emergency Relief Coordinator [ERC], Mr. Jan Egeland

UNCLASSIFIED 9 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 10 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 11 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 12 Objectives Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and Introduction to donor agencies.

UNCLASSIFIED 13 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 14 FAO – Agriculture Sector Food & Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Founded in Mandate: Achieve food security for all. 4 main areas of activity: –Agricultural information source; –Sharing agricultural policy expertise; –Providing a common forum for nations; –Bringing agricultural practices knowledge to the field. Sector lead for agriculture. –Works with WFP in crises responses.

UNCLASSIFIED 15 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 16 UNICEF – Education, Nutrition, WASH, Protection (Disasters) & Telecommunications (Data Services) Clusters United Nations Children’s Fund Presence in over 140 countries. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Cluster Lead for: –Education; –Nutrition; –Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Promotion [“WASH”]; Cluster Co-Lead for: –Telecommunication (Data Services); –Protection (Disasters).

UNCLASSIFIED 17 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 18 WFP – Food Aid Sector; Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics Clusters World Food Programme Established Tasked with providing food aid and support development through food. In 2005, WFP food aid reached 96.7 million people in 82 countries. Operates in 82 countries: –100 relief operations in 73 countries; –27 development projects & 35 country programmes in 49 countries. Sector lead for Food Aid; Cluster lead for Telecommunications (Security) & Logistics.

UNCLASSIFIED 19 WFP – Food Aid, Telecommunications Security & Logistics WFP [cont.]: Operates: –UNHAS – UN Humanitarian Air Service; –UNJLC – UN Joint Logistics Center:  Mandated to logistics information management support and services; –OTS – Ocean Transport Service.

UNCLASSIFIED 20 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 21 UNHCR – Refugees sector, Protection cluster United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees: Mandated by the UN to protect refugees. Protecting 20.8 million people. Focus – Prevention of refoulement 263 offices in 116 countries Staff of 6,689; budget of US$ 1.35 billion Refugee sector lead In disasters, Cluster Co-Lead for Protection; –In conflict situations, Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelter, Camp Coordination and Protection.

UNCLASSIFIED 22 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM –Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 23 IFRC – Emergency Shelter Cluster Lead (Disasters) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies Founded in 1919 Consists of 185 national societies, a Secretariat and 60+ delegations worldwide Works with & assists national societies with: Cluster Lead for Emergency Shelters in disasters. - Promoting humanitarian principles & values - Disaster preparedness - Disaster response - Health & care in the community

UNCLASSIFIED 24 National RC/RC Societies: Palang Merah Indonesia Palang Merah Indonesia 185 National Red Cross or Red Crescent societies 1 national society in a country – either Red Cross or Red Crescent Auxiliaries to public authorities in their country - Membership open to all without discrimination - Work throughout the country - Promoting humanitarian principles & values - Health & care in the community - Disaster response - Disaster preparedness

UNCLASSIFIED 25 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM –Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 26 WHO – Health Cluster World Health Organization Established 1948 “Specialized Agency” under Art. 57 of the UN Charter Mission: Attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health Operations: –Health emergency relief kits –Providing medical supplies/assessments –Capacity building / training of health workers Lead Agency for the Health Cluster.

UNCLASSIFIED 27 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 28 IOM – Camp Coordination Cluster Lead (Disasters) International Organization for Migration International organization with 120 member states. Leading international agency dealing with migration issues. Works with governments & civil society to: –Advance understanding of migration issues; –Encourage social and economic development through migration; –Uphold human dignity and well-being of migrants. Cluster Lead for Camp Coordination & Management in disasters.

UNCLASSIFIED 29 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED UNDP – Early Recovery & Protection (Disasters) Clusters United Nations Development Programme UN program working with 166 countries to find solutions to developmental challenges. Focus on the UN Millennium Development Goals: –Democratic governance; –Poverty Reduction; –Crisis prevention & recovery; –Energy & environment; –HIV/AIDS. Resident Representative: – Resident Coordinator [RC]; –Humanitarian Coordinator [RC/HC]; –Designated Official [DO]. Early Recovery Cluster Lead Agency Co-Lead for Protection (Disasters).

UNCLASSIFIED 31 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 32 OHCHR – Protection Cluster (Disasters) United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights Established in 1994 Mandated to promote and protect rights of all people in the UN Charter, Universal Declaration of Human Rights & other laws and treaties. Operations –Advocacy –Monitoring –Reporting of violations –Coordinate Human Rights into UN programmes Protection Cluster (Disasters) Co-Lead Agency.

UNCLASSIFIED 33 Traditional sector leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disaster – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads

UNCLASSIFIED 34 OCHA – Telecomms (Owner) Cluster & Coordination UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Created in 1998 out of UNDHA. Tasked with coordination of humanitarian affairs in support of the Sec.-Gen. by: –Developing common strategies; –Assessing needs and situations; –Convening coordination meetings; –Mobilizing resources; –Addressing common problems; –Administering Coordination tools & mechanisms. Led by Emergency Relief Coordinator, Sir John Holmes. Operates: –Humanitarian Information Centres – HIC –ReliefWeb –Virtual OSOCC Co-Lead for Telecommunications (Owner) Cluster Mandated to coordinate humanitarian responses.

UNCLASSIFIED 35 Traditional leads: Agriculture – FAO Education – UNICEF Food – WFP Refugees – UNHCR Technical Issues: Emergency Shelter: –Conflict – UNHCR IFRC –Disasters - IFRC Health – WHO Nutrition – UNICEF WASH – UNICEF Cross-cutting issues: Camp Coordination & Management: –Conflict – UNHCR –Disasters – IOM Early Recovery – UNDP Protection –Conflict IDPs – UNHCR –Disasters & non-IDP civilians in conflict – UNHCR/OHCHR/UNICEF & UNDP Common Services: Emergency Telecommunications: –OCHA – owner –UNICEF – data services –WFP - security Logistics – WFP Sector & Cluster Leads Overall coordination - OCHA

UNCLASSIFIED 36 Objectives Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and Introduction to donor agencies.

UNCLASSIFIED 37 Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations: Not an agency of a government or UN Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters –Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission Funded by grants or private donations National or international Essential to humanitarian operations –Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors –First responders to arrive, last to leave –Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects

UNCLASSIFIED 38 Non-Governmental Organizations – NGOs Operate under core values: Need “humanitarian space” to operate – Freedom to independently: –Assess needs of beneficiaries –Operate and monitor programs –Maintain dialog with beneficiaries - Humanity - Impartiality - Neutrality - Independence

UNCLASSIFIED 39 Objectives Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises responses; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and Introduction to donor agencies.

UNCLASSIFIED 40 Donors Major Donors: AusAID – Australian Council for International Aid CIDA – Canadian International Development Agency DfID – UK Dept. for International Development ECHO – European Community Humanitarian Office JICA – Japanese International Cooperation Agency USAID – United States Agency for International Development Private donations

UNCLASSIFIED 41 Objectives Objectives: Introduction to the Cluster Approach to humanitarian crises; Introduction to Cluster Lead Agencies in a disaster response; Introduction to Non-Governmental Organizations [“NGOs”]; and Introduction to donor agencies.

UNCLASSIFIED 42 Civilian Humanitarian Agencies Discussion