Internal Migration

Interregional (think directionally) U.S. Historic Examples? (voluntary or forced)

U.S. Historic Trends

Internal Migration Intraregional migration – Rural to urban Greatest migration in the world Why is rural to urban migration different for LDCs? – Urban to suburban – Counterurbanization Net migration from urban to rural areas Where is this phenomenon occurring?

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International Migration

International migration – the permanent move from one country to another Emigration – moving from a location Immigration – moving to a location – Push factors: those that lead people to move out – Pull factors: those that lead people in – Economic – Cultural – environmental Chain migration Step migration Intervening opportunity

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Internally Displaced Person (IDP) internally displaced person (IDP): someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees (although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee) 2007: it was estimated there were 24.5 million IDPs in some 52 countries.

Refugee A refugee is a person who has been pushed away from his or her home and seeks refuge elsewhere. The U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants gives the world total as 62,000,000 refugees.

What does a refugee camp look like? Sumgait – Azerbaijan – ail&FORM=VIRE1 ail&FORM=VIRE1

What does a refugee camp look like? Kakuma – Kenya

Dadaab – largest refugee camp in the world

So, why are people forced to migrate and become IDPs and refugees? Case Study: ethnic conflict (Rwanda 1990s) Ethnicity: a group of people whose members identify with each other. – Common heritage (ancestry), language, shared religion, and traditions (housing, food, music) – This is a cultural construct – Construct identity and identifying against (it’s just how we roll)

Rwanda: – Central Africa – Rwanda…concepts of ethnic cleansing, refugees Hutus (85%): settled farmers in Rwanda/Burundi – Great Lakes region and Tutsis (15%): cattle herders migrated to region from Rift Valley of Kenya 400 yrs. ago Rwanda/Burundi became German colony in 1899 and post-WWI gave colonial mandate to Belgium Colonial times reinforced problems with colonial leaders preventing Hutus from Univ. and hold govt. positions – Hutus were totally excluded and Tutsis held power

Rwanda Conflicts broke out before Rwandan independence in 1962 – Hutus killed Tutsis fearing continued Tutsi govt. control Early 1990s – Rwandan Patriotic Front (Tutsi refugees), led by Kagame wanted to overthrow Hutu president 1994 – plane carrying Rwanda/Burundi pres. Shot down by RPF or Hutus not wanting to negotiate Hutu State radio, govt. soldiers, police, militias carried out attacks and supported the general public as well RPF eventually takes Kigali and 2 million Hutus flee to DRC Fighting in the Congo is responsible for up to 5 million deaths.

Rwanda Links Rwanda – Triumph of Evil – Girl Refused To Die nda/reports/refuse.html nda/reports/refuse.html – Ghosts of Rwanda ts/ ts/

Rwanda Links Rwanda Today – Rising From the Ashes – S7rN5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode =1 S7rN5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode =1 Rwanda Troops Pursue Hutu Rebels – safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1 Go to and search Rwanda.