Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Welcome Sign In Thinking Language Intelligence Motivation Emotion

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Thinking: How We Use What We Know Cognition Thinking Knowledge Mental representation Language

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Cooing and Babbling: Baby Steps to Learning One or More Languages Newborn to 1 month months 4 months 7 months 1 year

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning From “Mama” and “Dada” to Full Conversations First words are objects Overextension Underextension Telegraphic speech Followed by rapid acquisition

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Defining and Measuring Intelligence What is intelligence? Sir Francis Galton

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Lewis Terman: The Intelligence Quotient and the Stanford-Binet American revision of Binet and Simon’s work Introduced the intelligence quotient/IQ IQ = (MA/CA) X 100 Average IQ would be 100 where MA = CA

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning David Wechsler’s Intelligence Scales Developed test in response to shortcomings of Stanford-Binet Test yields scores on subscales measuring different mental abilities Average ranges from 85 – 115

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Intelligence as a Single Factor Charles Spearman One general level of intelligence that underlies separate mental abilities Generalized intelligence or “g” –Determines how well individual functioned on cognitive tasks

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Intelligence as a Collection of Abilities L. L. Thurstone Raymond Cattell –Two forms of “g” –Crystallized intelligence –Fluid intelligence

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Humans possess many different intelligences Intelligence is a biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of cultural value Identified 9 different intelligences Intelligence profile

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Spatial Logical-Mathematical Musical Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Existential

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Successful intelligence helps us function in our world Analytical Practical Creative

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Daniel Goleman’s Theory of Emotional Intelligence Intelligence alone does not guarantee success; must factor in emotional intelligence Emotionally intelligent person –confident –self-starter –Ethical –adaptable

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotions: What Guides Our Behavior?

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Theories of Motivation Arousal Theory Operate best at personal optimal level of arousal Motivated to seek or reduce arousal when not in optimal state Incentive Theory Motivate to action Intrinsic and Extrinsic

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Emotions W1VMhttp:// W1VM Reactions? 9ODuYhttp:// 9ODuY Reaction? P700http:// P700 Reactions?

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Defining Emotion Emotion is a complex reaction to some internal or external event James-Lange Theory Facial-Feedback Hypothesis Schacter-Singer Two-Factor Theory Lazarus’s Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning What is going on in this video? episode htmlhttp://screen.yahoo.com/burning-love- episode html

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning Communicating Emotions: Culture, Gender, and Facial Expression Basic emotions are emotions all humans have, regardless of cultural background –Capacity is genetically programmed –Women better at discriminating between emotions Cross-cultural studies support this belief

Pastorino/Doyle-Portillo Essentials of What Is Psychology? 1 st edition © 2010 Cengage Learning

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