The Musculoskeletal System BONES –There are 206 bones in the body

BONES 4 bone types –LONG –FLAT –IRREGULAR –SHORT

SKULLSKULL

The Skull Two sections –Cranial –Facial

22 Bones make up the skull Facial bones 14

8 Cranial Bones

The skull Cranial= 8 bones –Frontal –Temporal –Occipital –Parietal Facial- 14 bones –Maxillary –Mandible –Nasal NEW Book PG 104 Draw skull and label

The Vertebral (SPINAL) Column 33 vertebrae The central nervous system contains the spinal cord and the brain Between each vertebrae there is a intervertebral disc (shock absorber) DRAW Thoracic example on page 70 and label –Body –Foramen –Transverse process –Spinous process –Laminae

Vertebral column Cervical vertebrae Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Coccyx The sacrum and the hip bones form the body structure called the pelvic girdle

33,26,30 Cervical Vertebrae – C1- C7 All mammals except manatees and sloths have seven cervical vertebrae, whatever the length of the neck.mammalsmanateessloths Thoracic –T1- T 12 Lumbar – L1-L5 Sacrum – 5 fused Coccyx – 4 fused

FUN WEBSITE WITH INTERACTIVE ID OF PARTS OF VERTEBRAE /skeletontt.htmhttp:// /skeletontt.htm 9http:// http:// 1

Additional Web sites nfohttp:// nfo mhttp:// m 6/HumanBody/index.htmlhttp:// 6/HumanBody/index.html

Thoracic Bones Bones of the thoracic cage are –Sternum –12 pairs of ribs (10 connected and 2 floating) –Manubrium –Xiphoid process –Intercostal spaces- dead space between ribs OLD BOOK Draw and label the above pg 72

Shoulder Girdle and Upper Extremities Scapula Collarbone Acromion Humerous Radius Ulna Carpal bones 8 (wrist) Metacarpals 5 per hand Phalanges 14 proximal medial distal Draw and label above may connect and make one large drawing OLD Book pg 73 and 74

Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremities Pelvic girdle –Ileum –Ischium –Pubis Lower Extremities –Femur –Tibia –Fibula –Tarsus Draw and label above old book pg75 A & B and pg 78fig 6-12 pg and fig 6-13

How many bones are in the human foot? A. 17 B. 32 C. 26 D. 12

FOOT/ANKLE 15 % of all sports injuries involve the ligaments, bones, and tendons of the ankle The ankle absorbs 3x’s the force of the body during running and jumping FYI –20,000 ankle sprains in US a yr –Feet cushion up to 1 million lbs. of pressure during a single hr. of strenuous exercise –The feet log 1,000 miles per year

Identify sex of skeletal remains by pelvis ♀ = female ♂= male

Joints 3 types of Joints –Diarthroses –Amphiarthroses –Synarthroses 4 types of Diarthroses –Hinge joints –Ball and socket joints –Pivot joints –Gliding joints

Specific Joint Motion The skull –The only moveable skull joint is the temporomandibular joint –Capable of flexion, extension, protraction and retraction –All other movement between the skull, neck trunk are made by intervertebral joints of the vertebral body

Specific Joint motions HEAD AND NECK –Occipital bone and cervical vertebrae (c1 and C2) allow F, E, Right and Left lateral F, and right and left rotation Trunk –Most motion in cervical and lumbar area –Intervertebral joints –Gliding joints –Same as head and neck –Motion in the thoracic spine is limited by rib cage

Specific joint motion Shoulder girdle and upper extremities Ball and socket joint Allows F, E, AB, AD, Internal and external rotation Elbow is hinge joint(moves in 1 direction) –Flexion and extension Wrist-flexion, extention rotation Fingers-F,E, AB, AD

Specific Joint Motion Pelvic girdle and lower extremities –Built for weight bearing( to hold you up) –Hip-ball and socket –Motion same as shoulder –Knee –modified hinge-joint F, E, limited RO –Ankle –similar to wrist –Toes- same as fingers