Industrial Revolution Circa – 1850

Stages & Developments Population Explosion Urbanisation Agricultural Innovation Labour Supply & Raw Materials Industrialisation & Mass Production Transportation Innovation Social Factors: Living & Working Conditions

Population Explosion Causation: Population Explosion – Industrialisation & Market Expansion Food Shortage Urbanisation Mass Production Surplus Labour Supply Agricultural Innovation Available Raw Materials Transportation Innovation Market Expansion

Population Explosion

Urbanisation

Urbanisation & Population Shift

Agricultural Innovation

Agricultural Revolution & Innovation: Subsistence – Profit Old Medieval Field System: Fallow Fields & Strip- Farming

4-Field System & Selective Breeding

Factory System: Mass Production

Factory System: Evolution of Domestic System (Profit)

Living & Working Conditions

The New Working Class Originally most of the new ‘working-class’ came from agricultural backgrounds (serfdom, cottiers & agricultural labourers) This new class of working people lived in over-crowded tenement buildings in urban centres Women & children all worked in the new Industrial Revolution: maximising profit for owners Children were easily disciplined & could perform functions that adults could not Children had no protection under law Close relationship between education & work of children: uniforms, time-keeping, discipline, authority etc.

Transportation Innovation

Innovation & Industrialisation Textiles Originated in the Domestic System, new innovations led to the invention of Richard Arkwright’s ‘Spinning Frame’. Later innovations included James Hargreaves’ ‘Spinning Jenny’ & Samuel Crompton’s ‘Spinning Mule’. These inventions led to a massive increase in the production of textiles based on Mass Production in the Factory System Steam PowerIron Production