Hygienic requirements for health-care institutions, including dental profile.Occupational dentists, dental technicians. Biosafety and bioethics work dentists

A hospital is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialised staff and equipment, and often but not always providing for longer- term patient stays. health care patient

Number of beds Area norm per 1 bed, m 2 Number of beds Area norm per 1 bed, m 2 up to 50300> 400 to > 50 to > 800 to > 100 to > >200 to The site land area depends on the power, specialization and system of the hospital group of buildings site development

Systems of hospital site development are:  decentralized (pavilion),  centralized,  mixed,  centralized-blocked – the best system of hospital

Decentralized (pavilion) type of hospital  each department is situated in the separate building; The positive feature of the decentralized system is the possibility of patients to stay more outdoors;

 the drawback is the difficulty during the usage of the diagnostic, physiotherapeutic measures or their doubling, which increases the capital expenditure.

Centralized system  all departments are situated in one (semidetached) building;

 The drawback of the centralized system is the difficulty of nosocomial infections prevention,  Decreased time or impossibility of the patients to stay outdoors.  Noise

Centralized-blocked system of hospital Such version ensures both centralization of medical processes and using of equipment and realization of a principle of isolation of separate medical departments.

The hospital site housing density depending on the amount of beds should not exceed 10 – 15 %. Up to 60 – 65 % of the area should be occupied by all kinds of green area; 20 – 25 % - a household zone, passages and passageways. The size of the landscape zone should be not less than 25 m2 per one bed.

Surgical department

The operating block of a surgical department should be situated in the blind-ended projection or in the separate outhouse of the hospital In the operating block there should be following rooms: the operating room – 30 m2 (on the basis of surgical beds in the department; for the complex operations – m2)

Hygienic requirements concerning of the hospital departments

Each hospital department is intended for patients with similar diseases. It should include: ward sections for 30 beds, with 6 wards for 4 beds with the area of 7 m2 per bed, 2 wards for 2 beds with the area of 7 m2 per bed wards 2 wards for 1 bed with the area of 9-12 m2 for severe somatic and infectious patients, with the cubic capacity of m3 for each patient and the ventilation volume – m3/hour.

The wards ventilation should be achieved by means of exhaust ventilation ducts, presence of window leaves and windows which can be opened; the modern hospitals should be equipped with air-conditioners.

The treatment protective mode of permanent establishment includes the followings elements:  providing of the mode is a thrift of psyche of patient;  adherence of rules of internal order of day;  providing of the mode rational physical (motive) to activity.

DENTISTRY

DENTISTRY Cabinets

Digital ortopantomograph utilized for the receipt of panoramic picture of teeth, necessity in surgical dentistry for the exposure of breaks, cysts, tumors, for the estimation of the state of bone

PLAN OF THE DENTRISTRY CLINIC

Hospitalism Be are what physical, psychical, infectious disorders of health of man, conditioned the features of medical service.

Physical Psychical Accident Hospital infection Hospital cultures are adapted Hospital cultures are un adapted sporadic endemic epidemic Hospitalism

Intrhospital (nosocomial, hospital) infection  any clinically recognized disease of microbial etiology is related to the stay, treatment, inspection or appeal of man for medical help in hospital.

Exciters of intrahospital (nosocomial, hospital) infections Staphylococcuss, streptococci, blue pear stick, proteus, collibacillus, salmonella, enterobacteria, enterococcus and other de bane ease pathogenic microorganisms. And also viruses of flu, adenoviruss, rotaviruss, enteroviruss, exciters of viral hepatitis et al ESCHERICHIA COLI

Distribution of certain exciter in development of infection can be related to the type of medical establishment  In permanent establishments of general surgical type are gram- negative bacteria, in particular blue pear  in urology separations is a coli bacillus, enterococcus and others like that. ESCHERICHIA COLI

Distribution of certain exciter in development of infection can be related to the type of medical establishment  Blue pear sticks prevail in ambustial separations.  in separations new-born find staphylococcus, enterococcuss. STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Sources of infection:  patients  personnel  visitors  apparatus  instruments  linen et cetera Patients can be infected pathogenic factors both from an external environment and own in the case of hyposthenic immunity

Ways of transfer of intrahospital infections PATIENT Objects materials animals and others like that Personnel visitors patients

Except for control after the observance of sanitary- hygienic requirements in relation to apartments, personal hygiene it is necessary to conduct: - timely exposure and sanation of transmitters of pathogenic staphylococcus: one time in a quarter obligatory inspection of employees on the transmitter of pathogenic staphylococcus for the medical staff of surgical separations and maternity hospital, and at origin of infection – on the measure of necessity;

 - safety measures at AIDS and disease mode (order ¹ 486), measures of infection (order ¹ 120);  - observance of rules of asepsis and antiseptic;  control after patients with an exposure in them of pediculosis and them  Pediculosis treatments (order ¹ 410), teniosis, infectious diseases, to hepatitis and others like that;

Heterospecific prophylaxis Specific prophylaxis Prophylaxis of in-hospital infections Architectonically plan measures Tekhnichni measures Sanitary disease measures Dezinfekciyno- sterilizaciyni measures Planned Ekstrenna IMMUNISATION

Architectonically plan measures Isolation of sections, chambers, operating blocks but other Observance of streams sick, personnel A rational location of separations is on floors Zonuvannya of territory

Technical measures Ventilation: (reveal, drawing, mixed, кондиціювання, equipments of ламінарні and others like that)

Sanitary disease measures An exposure of transmitters is among a personnel and patients Control is after the sanitary state and mode of permanent establishments Sanitary educational work is among a personnel and patients Control is after the bacterial semi nation of in-hospital environment

Disinfection-sterilization measures Use physical methods Use chemical facilities Tooling д