RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

I. Function – to take in oxygen & get rid of carbon dioxide (for cell respiration) A. Respiration = internal (cell) + external (breathing) B. Breathing = inhaling & exhaling

II. Process of Breathing & Route A. Nasal Cavity – filters, warms & moistens air B. Pharynx – collects air From nose & mouth

C. Epiglottis – covers entrance to trachea D. Trachea (windpipe) – main tube E. Bronchi – tubes leading to each lung (bronchitis – inflammation of bronchi) F. Bronchioles – smaller branches of bronchi

G. Alveoli (air sacs) – gases (O 2 and CO 2 ) are exchanged here between lung sacs & blood

Respiratory System

III. How is Breathing Accomplished? A. Inspiration (inhaling) – chest cavity expands, diaphragm moves down, less pressure & air moves in

B. Expiration (exhaling) – chest cavity decreases, diaphragm moves up, more pressure & air moves out

EXCRETORY SYSTEM I. Function – removal of waste products

II. 5 Organs of Excretion A. Kidneys – main Organs; filter blood B. Large Intestine - (colon); removes feces

C. Liver – removes toxic waste D. Lungs – removes CO 2 and H 2 O E. Skin – removes water, salt, urea (sweat)

III. Kidneys A. Functions – filter wastes from blood; regulate volume & composition of blood – water, salt, etc. keep sugars from building up B. Nephrons – functional filtering units

Zac Efron has Nephrons

C. Urine moves from kidneys  ureter  urinary bladder (stores urine)  urethra (tube leading outside body)

The Urinary System

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