STRESS  Experienced through stimulus or stresssor  Forces from the outside world that affect an individual  Related to internal and external factors  Positive, Negative, and Neutral stress  Events that provoke stress are called stressors  Individuals react to stress differently

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE  Also called the Stress Response  Arousal of the Sympathetic Nervous System  Response that man and other animals share when threatened.  Critical during Emergency Situations  Can also be activated in a milder form when there is no actual danger

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE  NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES  Respond to stress functions with negative feedback  MEDULLA OBLONGATA  RETICULAR FORMATION  PITUITARY GLAND

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE  INCREASED:  Heart Rate  Cardiac Output  Respiratory Rate  Glucose  Mental Activity  Arterial Blood Pressure  Blood Flow to Skeletal Muscles

GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME  A THREE STAGE REACTION TO STRESS  ALARM  RESISTANCE  EXHAUSTION

TYPES OF STRESS  DISTRESS—DAMAGING  EUSTRESS—STRESS THAT PROTECTS HEALTH  POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER— ACUTE STRESS DISORDER THAT BEGINS WHEN A PERSON EXPERIENCES, WITNESSES, OR IS CONFRONTED WITH A TRAUMATIC EVENT

ASPECTS OF STRESSOR THAT INFLUENCE STRESS RESPONSE INTENSITY SCOPE DURATION NUMBER AND NATURE OF STRESSORS PREDICABILITY

COPING INDIRECT METHODS  EGO-DEFENSE MECHANISMS  COMPENSATION  CONVERSION  DENIAL  DISPLACEMENT  IDENTIFICATION  DISSOCIATION  REGRESSION

COPING  PROBLEM FOCUSED  EMOTIONAL FOCUSED  EFFECTIVENESS  RESOURCES

NURSING KNOWLEDGE BASE  ROLE OF STRESS  SITUATIONAL FACTORS  MATURATIONAL FACTORS  SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS

SELF ASSESSMENT  WHAT IS YOUR DEFINITION OF STRESS?  WHAT ELICITS THE FIGHT-FLIGHT RESPONSE IN YOU?  WHAT PHYSICAL EFFECTS DO YOU EXPERIENCE WHEN UNDER STRESS?  WHAT COPING MECHANISMS TO YOU EMPLOY?  WHICH ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE?  LEAST EFFECTIVE?

CRITICAL THINKING AND NURSING PROCESS  NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES  COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES  COLLECTION OF SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE DATA  ASSESSMENT OF DATA  PLANNING  IMPLEMENTATION  EVALUATION