States of Matter 3 States of Matter: 1)solid- a substance with a definite shape and a definite volume. The particles of a solid vibrate, but do not move from their position.

Two types of solids: a) crystalline solid- a solid whose particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. b) amorphous solid- a solid whose particles are not arranged in a regular pattern.

2) liquid- a substance that has no definite shape but does have a definite volume. The particles of a liquid move around each other, but remain in contact. fluid- a substance that can flow.

Properties of a Liquid A) surface tension- the inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules closer together. B) viscosity- a liquid’s resistance to flowing.

3) gas- a substance with no definite shape and no definite volume. The particles of a gas randomly move around the container and have space between the particles.

Changes of State melting solid to liquid At its melting point, the particles of a solid substance are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.

freezing liquid to solid At its freezing point, the particles of a liquid are moving so slowly they begin to form regular patterns.

takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to form a gas. Vaporization 2 Types : 1) evaporation- vaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid. 2) boiling- vaporization that takes place within the liquid as well as on its surface.

condensation- occurs when particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy and form a liquid. sublimation- the particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas.

Gas Behavior Gas behavior is dependent upon 3 factors: 1)volume- the amount of space matter fills. 2)temperature- a measure of the average energy of motion particles contain. 3)pressure- the force exerted over an area.

Boyle’s Law When the pressure of a gas increases, the volume decreases, and when the pressure decreases, the volume increases. Charles’s Law When the temperature of a gas increases, the volume increases, and when the temperature decreases, the volume decreases.