Types of Chemical Reactions

5 Types of Chemical Reactions 1) Synthesis 2) Decomposition 3) Single Displacement/Replacement 4) Double Displacement/Replacement 5) Combustion

States of Matter - Symbols Solid (s) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Solid dissolved in Liquid (aq)

Synthesis Reaction Generally: Element + Element/Compound  Compound Looks like this: 4Fe (s) + 3O 2(g)  2Fe 2 O 3(s)

Synthesis Reaction (cont.) A synthesis reaction will look like this: The formula that represents a synthesis reactions is: A+B  AB

Synthesis Reaction (cont.) Identify which of the following reactions are synthesis reactions: 1) 2Na + Cl 2  2NaCl☺ 2) HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H 2 O 3) 2Mg + O 2  2MgO ☺ 4) 4Cu + O 2  2Cu 2 O ☺ 5) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

Hungry Bird plus Worm = ??? Full Bird

Other Examples 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O 2Al + 3Br 2AlBr 3

Decomposition Reaction Generally: Compound  less complex compound + compound/element A decomposition reaction will look like this:

Decomposition Reaction (cont.) The formula that represents a decomposition reaction: AB  A+B Identify which of the following reactions are decomposition reactions: 1) 2Na + Cl 2  2NaCl 2) 2NO 2  2O 2 + N 2 ☺ 3) CaCO 3  CaO + CO 2 ☺ 4) 2CuO  Cu + O 2 5) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 2 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

How does this picture represent a decomposition reaction? Turtle inside of Egg Egg + Turtle

Other Examples 2H 2 O 2 (aq) O 2 (g) + 2H 2 O(l) (used to make an “erupting volcano”

Decomposition Reaction video xperiments/erupting-peroxide-volcano xperiments/erupting-peroxide-volcano

Single Displacement Reactions Generally: Element + Compound  Compound + Element Single displacement reactions look like this:

Single Displacement Reactions (cont.) The formula for a single displacement reaction looks like this: A+BC  AC+B Identify which of the following reactions are single displacement: 1) 2Na + Cl 2  2NaCl 2) AgNO + Cu  CuNO + Ag ☺ 3) 2Mg + O 2  2MgO 4) Cu + HNO 3  Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + H 2 ☺ 5) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 ☺

Explain how this picture represents a single replacement reaction Romeo Jack and Juliet

Other Examples – Finish the equations: Cu + AgNO 3 2HCl + Zn 1) CuNO 3 + Ag 2) ZnCl 2 + H 2

Double Displacement Reaction Generally: Compound + Compound  Compound + Compound Double displacement reactions look like this:

Double Displacement Reaction (cont.) The formula for a double displacement reaction is: AB+CD  AD+ CB Identify which of the following reactions are double displacement reactions: 1) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl 2 + H 2 2) LiNO 3 + NaOH  LiOH + NaNO 3 ☺ 3) 2KCl + MgO  MgCl 2 + K 2 O ☺ 4) Mg + S  MgS 5) 2H 2 O 2  2H 2 O + O 2

How does this picture portray a double replacement reaction?

Other Examples – finish the equations: 2NaI + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 CuSO 4 + 2NaI 1) 2NaNO 3 + PbI 2 2) CuI 2 + Na 2 SO 4 metal Non-metal

Combustion Reaction A combustion reaction is when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen. A hydrocarbon is any compound that is made up of hydrogen and carbon. Some hydrocarbons also contain oxygen. The products of combustion are always carbon dioxide and water (both are gases).

Combustion Reaction (cont.) The formula for a combustion reaction is: Hydrocarbon + O 2(g)  H 2 O (g) + CO 2(g) ( Contains Carbon, Hydrogen and sometimes Oxygen)

Combustion Reaction (cont.) Identify which of the following reactions are combustion reactions: 1) O 3  O + O 2 2) LiNO 3 + NaOH  LiOH + NaNO 3 3) CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O ☺ 4) Mg + S  MgS 5) 2KI + Br 2  2KBr + I 2

Example: Combustion of gasoline C 8 H O 2 16 CO H 2 0 Car Exhaust

Type of Reaction Definition  Equation Synthesis Decomposition Single Replacement Double Replacement A = Red B = Blue C = Green D = Yellow A + B → AB AB → A + B AB + C → AC + B AB + CD → AC + BD Two or more elements or compounds combine to make a more complex substance Compounds break down into simpler substances Occurs when one element replaces another one in a compound Occurs when different atoms in two different compounds trade places

Summary (write this down) Synthesis A + B AB Decomposition AB A + B Single Replacement A + BC B + AC Double Replacement AB + CD AD + CB Combustion C/H/O + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Review Video 1.5 minutes

Assignment