IPS Unit 12 Chemical Equations Section 2

Types of Reactions Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions There are five types of chemical reactions: Combustion Reaction Synthesis Reaction [Composition] Decomposition Reaction Single-Displacement Reaction [Single-Replacement] Double-Displacement Reaction [Double-Replacement]

Combustion Reaction Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions - Occurs when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. If you have observed something burning, you have observed a combustion reaction In order to burn, you need the 3 items of the “fire triangle”: A fuel (hydrocarbon) Oxygen Something to ignite the reaction (spark)

Combustion Reaction (Cont) Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions Combustion Reaction (Cont) hydrocarbon + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water The products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide and water. (Although incomplete burning does cause some by-products like carbon monoxide.) Combustion is used to heat homes and run automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C8H18)

reactant + reactant  1 product Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions Synthesis (Composition) Reaction occurs when two substances (generally elements) combine and form one compound. reactant + reactant  1 product A + X  AX Examples: 2H2 + O2  2H2O C + O2  CO2

1 reactant  product + product Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions Decomposition Reaction occurs when one compound breaks up into the elements or to simpler compounds 1 reactant  product + product AX  A + X Examples: 2H2O  2H2 + O2 2HgO  2Hg + O2

Single-Displacement Reaction (Single-Replacement) Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions Single-Displacement Reaction (Single-Replacement) occurs when one element replaces another in a compound A + BX → AX + B Y + BX → BY + X Examples: NaCl + F2  NaF + Cl2 Zn + HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

compound + compound  product + product Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions Double-Displacement Reaction (Double-Replacement) occurs when a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound compound + compound  product + product AX + BY  AY + BX

Double-Displacement Reaction (Double-Replacement) Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions Double-Displacement Reaction (Double-Replacement) -Think about it like “foiling” in algebra, first and last ions go together + inside ions go together Examples: AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3 K2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2  KNO3 + BaSO4

Practice Unit 12 – Section 2: Types of Reactions 2 9 6 6 Predict the products, balance the reactions, and state the types of reactions:  Double-Displacement BaCl2 + H2SO4  C6H12 + O2  Zn + CuSO4  Ca + Br2  CaCO3  2 HCl + BaSO4 9 6 6  Combustion CO2 + H2O  Single-Displacement Cu + ZnSO4 CaBr2  Synthesis  Decomposition CaO + CO2