1 IEEE 802 LANs Following the success of CDMA technologies ALOHA & Ethernet, IEEE standardized CDMA/CD technology as IEEE LAN Also standardized are many of the other broadcast technologies: Token Bus (802.4), Token Ring (802.5), Wireless LAN, a.k.a, WiFi (802.11)… Standards define –A Link Layer, called Logical Link Control (LLC) – same for all standards –A MAC layer (CSMA/CD for 802.3, Token Passing for and 802.5, CSMA/CA for etc.) –A Physical Layers & the link (physical medium) over which the PL will run, e.g., twisted-pair, coax, fiber, wireless (several PLs are defined for each staqndard) LL & MAC are strictly tied to a PL Logical Link Layer (LLC) – Medium Access Control (MAC) Physical Layer LL PL Link (Medium) Scope of IEEE 802 standards
– LLC Service Interface Operation and format is based on HDLC Can be run to export any of the following service interfaces: –Unacknowledged connectionless service Unreliable, unordered frame delivery -- Ethernet –Connection-mode service Reliable, ordered frame delivery, flow control –Acknowledged connectionless service Reliable, unordered frame delivery
MAC –CSMA/CD Physical Layer –10Base2: 10Mbps, Baseband coax – 200 meters max length –10BaseT: 10Mbps, Unshielded Twisted Pair. Also 100BaseT, 1000BaseT –Shielded Twisted Pair – 100 Mbps –Broadband coax – 10Mbps –Optical Fiber – 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps Topology –Can be any one of Bus, Tree, Star star nodes Bus terminator nodes tree headend
/802.3 Frame Format (RFC 1042) DSAP AA Dest MAC Source MAC SSAP AA Org code 00 Cntl 03 type CRC data LLC SNAP Dest MAC Source MAC 66 2 CRC data length type Ethernet Encapsulation (RFC 894) IP Datagram ( ) Type 0800 ARP Request/Reply (28) Type 0806 Pad(18) IP Datagram ( ) Type 0800 ARP Request/Reply (28) Type 0806 Pad(18) None of the “type” fields in RFC 894 is within the valid “length” range in So both formats can easily be distinguished
– Token Bus Broadband coaxial cable Used in factory automation centers (assembly line) Logically stations are organized into a ring with each node knowing the address of the station to its “left” and “right”. When the logical ring is initialized, the highest numbered station has the “token” It may send data When done, it passes the “token” to its immediate neighbor and so on. Clearly no collisions as only the station that has the token can transmit
– Token Ring, FDDI Unidirectional ring Ring is in fact not a broadcast medium, but a collection of point-to-point links A station must own the “token” to transmit A transmitting station removes the bits of its frame after they circulate around the ring Length of the ring? An important design parameter
Wireless LAN b –2.4-5 GHz unlicensed radio spectrum –up to 11 Mbps –direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) in physical layer all hosts use same chipping code –widely deployed, using base stations a –5-6 GHz range –up to 54 Mbps g –2.4-5 GHz range –up to 54 Mbps All use CSMA/CA for multiple access All have base-station and ad-hoc network versions