WINLINK 2000 And Other Options

What is WINLINK 2000? ● A system of sending and receiving over Amateur Radio ● HF – used widely by campers, boaters, missionaries ● VHF/UHF + up – growing use for ARES and disaster communications  Was used in Katrina Disaster and others ● A BIG controversy!

WINLINK Architecture Central Message Server (CMS) The Central Message Servers are the hub of WINLINK. There are three of them around the world, mirrored to each other via the Internet. They provide mail routing and other important functions.

Winlink Architecture (2) Central Message Server (CMS) PMBO or RMS The Participating Mailbox (PMBO), or 'Radio Message Server' provides local or regional mail routing. It can communicate to the CMS via the Internet, or in an emergency, via HF radio and another PMBO.

Winlink Architecture (3) Central Message Server (CMS) PMBO or RMS TELPACTELPAC TELPAC is normally used as a gateway between radio stations and the PMBO. It can also be built directly into the PMBO, so stations using radio can connect directly to the PMBO.

WinLink Architecture (4) Central Message Server (CMS) PMBO or RMS TELPACTELPAC PACLINK PACLINK provides a way to tie existing clients into WINLINK. A PACLINK node can be connected to an existing network, and will forward to and from the PMBO. PACLINK is normally connected via radio, either PACTOR on HF or PACKET radio, or DSTAR on VHF/UHF.

WinLink Architecture(5) Central Message Server (CMS) PMBO or RMS TELPACTELPAC PACLINK AIRMAIL AIRMAIL is a standalone client. Normally it is used on HF to connect to a remote TELPAC gateway. It can also be used on VHF with a packet TNC.

Recommended Equipment ● VHF/UHF – 9600 baud packet radio  PC's, TNC's and radios for AIRMAIL portables  PC's, TNC's and radios for PACLINK servers  PC with Internet connection for TELPAC -or-  PC with Internet connection for TELPAC and local PMBO or RMS (Emergency PMBO) ● Without Internet connection, PMBO can route mail to all local PACLINK or AIRMAIL clients  DSTAR and networks are being used

Now a word from... ● ARES-WINLINK ● DSTAR ●

Winlink 2000 Digital Messaging for ARES ® By Steve Waterman, K4CJX (help from Loring Kutchins, W3QA) Winlink 2000 Network Administrator, Winlink 2000 Development Team LORING A KUTCHINS revised January 20, 2005 “Our primary mission is to provide Global digital communications for the benefit, safety and well-being of the user community, anywhere, anytime, anyplace.”

In addition to our individual ARES® users, we stand by our Commitment to our community Government and Civil Agencies :

To Supply De facto using their existing programs, on their own computers in their own offices, with no additional invasive software, seamlessly, transparently, from user-to-user. from inside their own County or around the world from inside a disaster area, and without normal servers or Internet links. This is the purpose of Winlink via Amateur Radio

Normal requires an internet connection Between Agencies Between an Agency and the Field Between an Agency to multi-points Between Agencies and anywhere! Agency Focus on Emergency digital communications

Agency Focus If a community “Last Mile” internet link is broken, or the agency server is down, cannot flow. “What the ????” “Critical Medical & Tactical Info sent!” X

The “last mile” is an important concept in Emergency Communications. The “last mile” is the path across an area where conventional communications have been disrupted or overloaded by an incident.

Unfortunately, in today’s World, we cannot predict the frequency, size, nature or location of our disaster areas! We be must prepared, Globally. Local? Regional? Global?

Winlink 2000 is primarily a donated, dependable, transparent, back-up system that bridges any distance. Radio

For the end user it must: ● look like and use familiar software like Outlook ● have an address book and a spell-checker ● allow multiple recipients (to:, cc:) ● send multiple attachments ● be able to use tactical addresses ● and NOT add to the stress or learning curve when in an emergency situation

System Requirements: It must work on multiple computers on a LAN without additional desktop software, and not invade security, be automated, use available and future digital radio modes, interface with commercial communications systems like telephone, cellular telephone, the Internet, etc., have speed, performance and accuracy, and immediately deliver emergency traffic seamlessly, end- to-end.

Why?

“Written documents impose their own kind of discipline” Albert Einstein Moving into the 21 st Century “I can’t work without a blackboard!”

Why? Traditional role of Amateur Radio support: ● Report health and welfare of affected public Voice communications among served agencies (EOC's, hospitals, shelters, and incident command.) ● Site tactical support – Incident Command, search and rescue, damage and storm reporting (SKYWARN). ● “Formal,” Structured written emergency traffic handling.

Why? Our traditional methods fail for complex message handling in today’s agency environment! ● Since the advent of ● Need for delivering written procedures, lists, graphics, images, and Pre-defined, formatted, documents to multiple recipients! ● Multiple recipient with binary attachments is the de facto standard to carry written information. ● Hand-written message forms are seldom used, and are not transparent to normal operations! ● For complex messages, voice, Morse code, Radiograms, and traditional Packet radio won’t do… ● way too slow, translation required, inflexible, prone to error, no permanent record, not self-originating, not point-to-multipoint. ● doesn’t go end-to-end from user-to-user on their own computers in their own offices & no attachments and no automatic distribution..

Emergency Digital (written) Complex Communications For Community Agencies We can keep Agencies connected without an immediate Internet connection. With Telex? When was the last time an agency used Telex? With a Telegram? When was the last time they sent a Telegram? With a voice relayed NTS Radiogram or MarsGram? (could be an attachment) With W0RLI Packet “H-routing”? “HUH???” “Do what???” The accepted Global standard is now SMTP ! Bottom Line: Let’s make EmComm as easy & transparent as possible for those who need it during an emergency situation. Let’s not forget: It is their “party” and we want to be invited!

Why? The ARRL is now implementing a National Plan July, 2003: In cooperation with its partnership with Homeland Security, and at their recommendation, the ARRL Board has agreed to provide a nationwide digital system to enhance the communications capability of the Amateur Radio Emergency Service (ARES®). There are situations, the Board said, when ARES® "must have the capability to pass digital traffic across the nation quickly and accurately.” It must also be transparent, seamless,end-to-end, and take only minutes from origination to destination.

VIA HAM RADIO …do Hams do that? How ?

Laptop Computer Radio Data Interface A typical ham radio “last mile” station is composed of simple components, even for an Agency with multiple computers. VIA HAM RADIO using Winlink 2000 Laptop for a Portable Station. Desktop for an agency. Paclink AGW & Paclink Postoffice mini e- mail server software with AGW Packet Engine Pro and Outlook Express or Outlook Win2000 or WinXP A D-Star or Packet Radio Modem (TNC.) A VHF or UHF Radio and a Good Antenna This is a Winlink 2000 PACLINK station.

Radio Data Interface To send or receive , this station makes a connection with a Winlink radio node or PMBO. VIA HAM RADIO PMBO Radio Data Interface Computer

VHF Radio Data Interface VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface Computer For the “last mile,” use VHF radios and the Packet mode as a pathway to carry .

VIA HAM RADIO VHF Radio Data Interface Computer For longer distances or in difficult terrain, most PMBOs are outfitted with multi-band HF radios and the Pactor II & III modes to serve stations with no other outlet. PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface HF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer Users on HF have a special e- mail program called “Airmail.” Airmail “client Program

VHF Radio Data Interface VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface Computer The PMBO is connected to the internet at all times. The Internet

VHF Radio Data Interface VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface Computer PMBOs may have remote “gateways” called TELPAC stations. They are connected to the PMBO via any TCP/IP link and duplicate its VHF radio port in another location. The Internet VHF Radio Data Interface TELPA C b TELPAC stations may communicate to the PMBO via any TCP/IP link, including ICOM’s D-Star or “WiFi” b.

VHF Radio Data Interface VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface Computer Other computers, or CMBOs, organize and manage the network traffic. The Internet CMBO CMBOs are transparent to users. They are redundant, and you never know they are there. CMBO

VHF Radio Data Interface VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface Computer You can send radio directly to internet users. The Internet

VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer And you can send radio e- mail to other Paclink or Airmail stations like yours. The Internet VHF Radio Data Interface Computer

VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer Adding a LAN on the PACLINK computer permits individuals to send and receive radio . PACLINK is now an server. The Internet VHF Radio Data Interface Computer Served Agency LAN PACLINK may be placed in the “DMZ” zone in front of the firewall.

VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer The PMBO forwards radio e- mail between its radio users, even if its internet connection is gone. The Internet VHF Radio Data Interface Computer

The Internet VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer If the local PMBO has an outage, you can make a connection with a local TELPAC station which will automatically shift to a distant host PMBO with connectivity. Or… VHF Radio Data Interface TELPA C

The Internet VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer Or… you can traverse the packet network using nodes to get to a connected TELPAC or PMBO. Or… VHF Radio Data Interface TELPA C NODE

The Internet VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface Or… you can use an HF station to get to a distant connected PMBO using Airmail. Computer HF Radio Data Interface

VIA HAM RADIO PMBO VHF Radio Data Interface VHF Radio Data Interface Computer Besides radio channels, PACLINK stations also may have telnet channels to the internet. This is handy for fixed stations because it is fast. The Internet VHF Radio Data Interface Computer TELNET PACLINK stations automatically switch between preset radio destinations and telnet channels to find a connection to a PMBO. “My server is down”

So, what does all this look like? “Real life” examples VIA HAM RADIO

Harris County (Houston,) Texas. “A mature system.”

The Williamson County,TN, WCARES Winlink 2000 network revolves around several ‘hardened’ sites in prime locations. Multiple PMBO and TELPAC gateway sites add redundancy. PMBO WC4EOC, EOC-to-Williamson County Medical Center Paclink. WC4EOC-10, Brentwood WC4EOC-10, Leper’s Fork WC4EOC-10, College Grove WC4EOC-10, Franklin PMBO, K4CJX, (Davidson County. Backup for Telpac /Paclink) T T T T HF/VHF Airmail or VHF Paclink (multiple computer) deployable vehicle. Williamson County, TN, “A works in process.” Telpac Gateway sites use b to back to the EOC. First Telpac Route for all sites is Telnet (Internet.) Second Telpac route is telnet to the K4CJX PMBO Outbound EOC PMBO D-Star route to external Internet gateway. Proposed ICOM D-Star (100,000 bps) I Alternate Internet via D-Star

So, What’s Next? Examine the option: what else is available for complex radio messaging? Does it provide end-to-end, transparent, multiple recipient de facto to the community Served Agencies desktops? Make a “yes/no” decision about Winlink If “yes,” then... –Learn to use Airmail, Telpac and Paclink. –Deploy local Telpac gateway(s). –Deploy mobile Paclink & fixed Paclink LANs in places where it will be of value during an emergency. –Deploy VHF/UHF new or existing links to bring it all together. –Deploy self-powered, mobile/fixed Airmail, long-range HF Stations. –Consider a non-public “hubbing” PMBO for the area Meanwhile…..

Devise a Plan! Insure that there is no duplication of efforts in your “last mile” coverage area. Set up an strategy for implementation with your local ARRL ARES® or RACES organization. Set up a time-line for each task. –Coordinate efforts with the Winlink 2000 Development Team, EC’s,SECs,DECs/SM, etc. –Ask other ARES® communities for assistance. –Set up personnel responsibilities with Time-lines! –Handle the finances. “How much will it actually cost”? Who should pay? –Involve and commit the end-user. They are the one’s to benefit! Implement the plan in stages. Test it, and Test it again. Provide a presentation and demo for your served agencies. Continue to promote your capabilities.

Winlink 2000 is a proven, existing, operational, dependable, redundant, secure, reliable Amateur radio messaging network that is being made available to the ARES® & RACES communities. (However, each community must put it in place.)

APRSLink ● Allows users to send and receive through WINLINK via APRS ● Allows multi-line messages ● Notifies users when mail is waiting to be downloaded if requested

The Controversies ● HF WINLINK uses very expensive gear  PACTOR III proprietary modem ● WINLINK relies on Internet connections  Not so much anymore ● AUTOMATED stations cause QRM on HF ● Commercial SAILMAIL product available

Any Questions?

Digital Radio for the Last Mile Last 30 Miles Digital Amateur Radio vs. WiFi

Agenda ● Introduction ● Recent Disaster EmComm ● Digital Technology in Amateur Radio ● D-STAR Technology ● High Speed (IP) Connectivity ● Low Speed (Serial) Connectivity ● Voice ● EmComm Requirements ● Sample Scenario ● Summary

Primary Modes Used ● VOICE ● Winlink ● Packet ● CW

D-STAR ● Digital – Smart Technology for Amateur Radio ● Developed by JARL ● Open Protocol Specification ● Digital Voice ● Digital Data

D-STAR High Speed Data ● 1.2 GHz ● 128 Kbps (150 KHz BW) ● IP ● Ethernet Connection ● Internet Capable

High Speed Data

D-STAR vs. WiFi ● 128 Kbps ● Mile Range ● Omni-directional Antennas for Range ● 10 Mbps ● 1-2 Mile Range ● Directional Antennas for Extended Range

D-STAR Voice/LS Data ● 144 MHz, 440 MHz, 1.2 GHz ● 4800 bps (6 KHz BW) ● 3600 bps AMBE Voice (EC) ● 1200 bps Data ● 3 Wire RS-232 or USB 1.0 ● GPS Capable

Digital Voice/Low Speed Data

DV vs. AV ● Combined Voice/Data ● 6 KHz Bandwidth ● Error Correction ● Greater Range ● Voice & Data on Separate Channels ● 12 KHz Bandwidth ● Weak Signal Noise

Dstar VHF

VHF+UHF handhelds

Dual Band Mobile

1.2 Ghz. High Speed

D-STAR Applications ● D-PRS  Icom GPS & APRS ● Remote Internet ● Simultaneous Voice & Data ● Simultaneous Voice & GPS Data

Sample Scenario ● Katrina Aftermath  Infrastructure Destroyed or Ineffective  Command and Control Destroyed or Significantly Reduced  SAR Efforts Required  Shelters Deployed Throughout  Logistical Support Required

Primary Communications (Non-Amateur Radio) ● Satellite Voice ● Satellite IP ● Direct VHF/UHF Agency Communications

Amateur Radio Requirements ● Rapid Deployment  D-STAR Go Kits ● Trained Communicators  Amateur Radio Operators ● Radios Compatible with Temporary Infrastructure  D-STAR High Speed Connectivity with Satellite  D-STAR Low Speed Connectivity (including Voice) with Satellite ● Large Area Coverage  Mile Radius ● Voice/Data/IP  D-STAR DV on single channel  D-STAR High Speed IP

High Speed Data

Digital Voice/Low Speed Data

Summary ● Single Channel Voice & Data ● Wide Area ● Rapid Deployment ● Extensive Data Support ● Automatic Report & GPS Correlation ● Simple Equipment Configuration