Chapter 13 The Roaring 20s Section 1 A Booming Economy How did the booming economy of the 1920s lead to changes in American life?

How the automobile changed us… Henry Ford and mass production Scientific mgt & assembly line Model T- made ownership possible Production time and cost are driven down Wages rise & weekends off

Other industries born from the car Need for oil production Need for roads Need for service stations Need for places to eat and go to Need for a place to sleep How did it effect people of your age group at that time?

Consumer Revolution Gotta have it…. NOW Installment plans Advertising and psychology Buy stocks on margin lead to increased wealth Leisure time increases

Cities and suburbs grow Cars lead to growth of suburbs Cities attract workers & become more attractive Farmers reel from the post-war drop in demand

Section 2 The Business of Government How did domestic and foreign policy change direction under Harding and Coolidge?

President Harding’s Administration Mellon lowered taxes and reduced spending to a point of surplus Harding raised tariffs & practiced Laissez-faire Hoover advanced labor and business relations

Harding’s legacy of scandals Sought advice from the “Ohio Gang” Forbes spends, Daugherty take money Teapot Dome, Fall take naval oil reserves and sell them. Harding dies before public is aware

Harding dies, Coolidge takes oath Coolidge supports business by offering incentives in lower taxes Does not address issues such as labor unrest, discrimination, racial violence Silent Cal remains silent

America’s World Role Washington Naval Disarmament Conference; limit naval build up Kellogg-Briand Pact; outlawed war as a solution Dawes Plan; Loan money to Germany so Britain & France could pay us

Section 3 Social & Cultural Tensions How did Americans differ on major social and cultural issues?

Traditionalism & Modernism Clash Rural and Urban America splits Urban; (modernism) Enjoyed leisure time Open to social change Embraced science and secularism Reduced emphasis on religious traditions Emphasis on education

Traditionalism Rural; (Fundamentalism) Christianity was under attack Upset over increase secularism Literal belief in the Bible The Bible provided all answers, not science

The showdown in Tennessee Scopes “monkey” Trial John Scopes taught Darwin’s theory of evolution in school Clarence Darrow defended William J. Bryan prosecution Scopes was found guilty but the issue remains today

Restricting Immigration Nativists still oppose immigrants Literacy test for immigrants Fear of Socialism & Communism Emergency Quota Act 1921 & National Origins Act 1924 both set a quota or limited the # of immigrants based on region Mexicans not included but faced hostilities

The New & Improved KKK 1915 Stone Mt Georgia Extended scope of hate to Jews & immigrants Portrayed as anti-crime & immorality (Birth of A Nation) Marched on D.C. in 1925 Spread out of the South Corruption lead to decline of Klan

Crime increases due to Prohibition Volstead Act provided enforcement of the 18th Amendment Bootleggers, rum-runners, moonshiners Speakeasies and bath tub gin Local police rarely enforced law Criminals like Al Capone ruled cities and were often seen as heroes

Section 4: New Mass Culture How did the new mass culture reflect technological and social changes?

Changes in the work week and wages provide leisure time for many Movies: silent stars; Charlie Chaplin, Rudolph Valentino, Mary Pickford & Lon Chaney Al Jolson in the 1st “talkie”, The Jazz Singer Radio & phonograph brought music and more

Heroes of the Era Sports: Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Dempsey & Bobby Jones Aviation: Charles Lindbergh, Wiley Post, Amelia Earhart & barn-stormers

New Roles for Women Flappers: What is a flapper? Women earn new jobs markets Live longer & have fewer kids Fought for Equal Rights Amendment, got it passed but not ratified

Modernism in Art and Literature Art moved towards abstract Lost Generation: authors who were disillusioned after the horrors of WW I, lost faith in Victorian culture Many became ex-patriots Faulkner, Hemmingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald & Wharton gained great notoriety

Section 5- Harlem Renaissance How did African Americans express a new sense of hope and pride? Marcus Garvey calls for separation of the races and a Back to Africa movement Advocated Black Pride and support for black businesses only Convicted of fraud, but message lived on

The Jazz Age Founded in the South- New Orleans Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith Clubs brought the black music to whites in America, Cotton Club Jazz bridged the gap between races Black literature grows, McKay, Langston Hughes & Hurston Political and cultural platform