6 KINGDOMS OF LIFE

Prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes Greek “Karyose” means kernel (like a kernel of grain) “pro” means before Before a nucleus Smaller size Simple “eu” means true Possessing a true nucleus Larger in size Complex “nucleoid” “nucleus”

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Autotroph – makes its own energy source (ex. Plants use photosynthesis to make its own food for energy) Heterotroph – gets its energy from outside sources (ex. Animals eat plants and other animals to get energy)

“Ancient bacteria” Prokaryotes Unicellular Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Examples: Methanogens (found in human gut), halophiles (found in high salt content like Great Salt Lake), thermophiles (found in hot springs) Methanococcus janaschii short bacillus Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Kingdom I Archaebacteria

Kingdom 2 Eubacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Autotrophs or Heterotrophs Different chemical make-up than Archaebacteria Can live in extreme environments Examples: Bacteria (spirochetes), Cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria), Actinobacteria E.coli cyanobacteria Actinobacteria found in the soil

Kingdom 3 Protista Eukaryotes Unicellular and multicellular Heterotrophs and Autotrophs Examples: amoeba, green algae, brown algae, diatoms, euglena, slime molds. Oxygen is required “protista” means the very first any organism that is not an animal, plant, or fungus Animal-like protists called protozoa Plant-like protists called algae Fungus-like protists called slime molds and water molds Amoeba – animal-like Euglena – plant-like Slime mold – fungus-like

Kingdom 4 Fungi (FUN jy) Eukaryotes Most are multicellular (yeast are unicellular) Heterotrophs Most found on land but few in water Feed on dead or decaying organisms Mushrooms Molds mildew Yeast

Kingdom 5 Plantae Eukaryotes Multicellular Autotrophs Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis Their cells contain a cell wall made of cellulose They are fixed in one place and don’t move hornwortfern conifers Flowering plants Etc.

Kingdom 6 Animalia Eukaryotes Multicellular Heterotrophs Require Oxygen Can sense and respond to their environment Cells lack cell walls

VIRUSES Not an organism! Does not belong to a Kingdom! Microscopic The average virus is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organismsinfectious agent most abundant type of biological entity millions of different types