Contraception

Facts: 80% of American women have a child by age 45 80% of American women have a child by age 45 64% of women are on contraceptives 64% of women are on contraceptives

Good contraception web site Emory University Emory University /choices.html /choices.html /choices.html /choices.html

Outercourse Oral sex Oral sex Anal intercourse Anal intercourse It can be a viable form of birth control It can be a viable form of birth control It is not “safe sex” you can still get STD.s It is not “safe sex” you can still get STD.s

Who is likely to use contraception ineffectively? People who feel guilty about sex People who feel guilty about sex

Oral contraceptives Advantages Advantages Very effective (99%+) Very effective (99%+) Increase spontaniety and enjoyment Increase spontaniety and enjoyment Risks are much lower than pregnancy Risks are much lower than pregnancy Disadvantages Disadvantages Decrease sexual motivation Decrease sexual motivation Water weight gain Water weight gain Problems with blood clots (in some users) Problems with blood clots (in some users)

Types of pills Constant dose combination pill Constant dose combination pill Most common Most common Multiphasic pill Multiphasic pill Both types prevent conception by inhibiting ovulation Both types prevent conception by inhibiting ovulation Mini pill Mini pill Progestin only Progestin only

Danger signs for pill users = ACHES Abdominal pain Abdominal pain Chest Pain Chest Pain Heart attack Heart attack Headaches Headaches Eye problems Eye problems Blurred vision Blurred vision Light flashes Light flashes Blindness Blindness Severe leg pain Severe leg pain Blood clot in leg Blood clot in leg

The patch Estrogen and progestin Estrogen and progestin 1 patch a week for 3 weeks on & 1 week off 1 patch a week for 3 weeks on & 1 week off 99% effective (similar to pill) 99% effective (similar to pill) Prevent ovulation Increase cervical mucus Prevent ovulation Increase cervical mucus

Intrauterine Device - IUD Danger signs = PAINS Danger signs = PAINS Period late or no period Period late or no period Abdominal pain Abdominal pain Increased temperature, fever, chills Increased temperature, fever, chills Nasty discharge Nasty discharge Foul smelling Foul smelling Spotting, bleeding, heavy periods, clots Spotting, bleeding, heavy periods, clots

IUD effectiveness due to: Copper Copper Progesterone Progesterone Irritation in uterus Irritation in uterus Makes implantation unlikely Makes implantation unlikely

IUD in uterus

Male Condoms With Nonoxynol-9 With Nonoxynol-9 Additional protection against STD’s Additional protection against STD’s How to use How to use

Female condoms

Diaphragm One of the least effective birth control methods One of the least effective birth control methods

Cervical cap

Spermicide

Depo-Provera Progestin only Progestin only Injection Injection Once every 12 weeks (3months) Once every 12 weeks (3months)

Emergency contraception High dose of estrogens or progestins High dose of estrogens or progestins

Contraceptive patch for women a/about_ortho_evra.html a/about_ortho_evra.html a/about_ortho_evra.html a/about_ortho_evra.html

Norplant Implants Progestin only Progestin only Best for a woman who smokes cigarettes, has high blood pressure, is forgetful, and likes spontaneous sex Best for a woman who smokes cigarettes, has high blood pressure, is forgetful, and likes spontaneous sex Legal problems (several law suits filed against this product) Legal problems (several law suits filed against this product)

Basal Body Temp. (Rhythm Method)

What is the leading method of birth control in the United States? Sterilization Sterilization

Male sterilization (Vasectomy)

Vasectomy reversal asp asp asp asp

Female sterilization

Female Sterilization (Cont.)

Seasonale 4 periods a year 4 periods a year Low-dose estrogen and progestin Low-dose estrogen and progestin 12 weeks of active pills + 1 week of dummy pills 12 weeks of active pills + 1 week of dummy pills Twice the risk of “breakthrough” bleeding Twice the risk of “breakthrough” bleeding

Seasonale (Cont.) Pill - similar to other pills with hormones Pill - similar to other pills with hormones 84 pink hormone pills and 7 white inactive pills 84 pink hormone pills and 7 white inactive pills Withdrawal bleeding should occur during the 7 days following discontinuation of pink active tablets. One period every three month. One period every three month.

NuvaRing Estrogen hormone ring Estrogen hormone ring Insert in vagina Insert in vagina Worn 3 out of 4 weeks Worn 3 out of 4 weeks Position not critical Position not critical Low dose hormone = low side effects Low dose hormone = low side effects