Journey to Work from 1990 Census and ACS National test (C2SS) Elaine Murakami, USDOT, FHWA Nanda Srinivasan, Cambridge Systematics Inc.

Understanding the Surveys Sample: 1 in 6 of all households. (15.32 million households) Coverage: Whole country – 3140 counties Point in time Survey –Reference period: April 1, 1990 Group quarters’ population included Sample: 700,000 households Coverage: 1203 counties Rolling Survey Conducted over 12 months Group quarters’ population NOT included 1990 Decennial Census 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS)

Understanding the Surveys Mode to work: “usual last week” Mode to work: allows only for ONE response C2SS includes only workers in hhlds (does not include workers in Group Quarters) 1990 CTPP tabulated travel time for all workers— households and group quarter information cannot be separated ACS tabulated travel time only for workers in households.

Nationwide Comparison Variable Change (Number) Change (%) Number of households 91,947, ,724,456 12,777, Total population in households 242,050, ,643,269 31,593, Total workers in households 113,437, ,437,475 13,999, Average travel Time (min) 22 min 23 sec24 min 20 sec 1 min 57 sec 8.73 Percent of households with no vehicles 11.5%9.3%-2.2% -

Mode to work In 2000, 76.3 percent of workers reported driving alone to work. In 2000, 11.2 percent of workers reported carpooling, followed by transit (5 percent), work at home (3.2 percent), and walk (2.7%). Carpooling declined from 13.4 percent (1990) to 11.2 percent (2000) of all workers. Transit retained 5 percent share between 1990 and In numbers, workers using transit for their JTW increased 7.7 percent over the 10-year period (1990 to 2000).

Data Source: 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older living in households

Data Source 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older living in households

Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older living in households Drive Alone to Work Change in Percent, Legend

Carpool to Work Change in Percent, Legend Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older living in households

Transit to Work Change in Percent, Legend Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Note: Modes included in transit are Bus or trolley bus; Streetcar or trolley car; Subway or elevated; and Railroad. Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older living in households

Legend Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Note: Modes included in transit are Bus or trolley bus; Streetcar or trolley car; Subway or elevated; and Railroad. Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older living in households Transit to Work Change in Number of Workers,

Travel Time Comparison for the US In 2000, the average travel time to work was 24 minutes 20 seconds as compared to 22 minutes 23 seconds in An increase of almost 2 minutes. Note: Some of this difference may be due to coding changes (of trips > 99 minutes) between 1990 and The increase may be closer to 1 minute and 24 seconds. 14.2% of workers now commute more than 45 minutes to work (1990, 12%) 29% of workers now commute less than 15 minutes to work (1990, 31.4%) Note: “Worked at home” was excluded from “commute less than 15 minutes”

Travel Time: Comparison for States New York continued to hold the top spot for the longest average travel time at 31 minutes 11 seconds followed by Maryland (29:10), New Jersey (28:41), the District of Columbia (28:32) and Illinois (27:02). West Virginia had the greatest increase in travel time at 4 minutes and 26 seconds followed by Georgia (4:14) and New Jersey (3:24). The states with the fastest average travel times continued to be South and North Dakota at 15 minutes 34 seconds and 15 minutes 24 seconds respectively.

Travel Time Distribution U.S. Total, Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarter Population. Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older who did not work at home

Travel Time Distribution Texas, Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarter Population. Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older who did not work at home

Departure Time U.S. Total,1990 Percent of Workers Departure Time Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP) Note: C2SS data release did not include a table with departure time Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older who did not work at home

Average Travel Time to work Total in minutes, 2000 Legend Data Source: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarter Population. Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older who did not work at home

Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarter Population. Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older Commutes more than 45 minutes Change in percent, Legend Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP)

Commutes less than 15 minutes Change in percent, Legend Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarter Population. “Worked at home” was excluded from “commute less than 15 minutes” Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP)

Less than 5% Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarters Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older Population: Persons living in households % Population Change Change in Avg. Travel Time 5% - 20% More than 20% More than 3 min. 2 – 3 min. Less than 2 min. Legend Population Change (%) and Change in Average Travel Time (min) to Work Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP)

Legend Less than 5% 5% - 20% % Change in number of workers Change in Avg. Travel Time More than 3 min. 2 – 3 min. Less than 2 min. More than 20% Worker Change (%) and Change in Average Travel time (min) to Work Note: C2SS did not survey Group Quarters Universe: Workers: All Workers 16 years and older Data Sources: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) 1990 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP)

Vehicle Availability Percent of households with no vehicles decreased from 11.5% in 1990 to 9.3% in By state, the percent of households with no vehicles ranges from 3.5% in Idaho to 28.1% in New York. Percent of households with 3 or more vehicles increased from 17.3% in 1990 to 18.3% in –Wyoming has the highest percent of households with 3 or more vehicles (30.2%).

Average Number of Vehicles in Households Total, 2000 Legend Data Source: 2000 ACS: Census 2000 Supplementary Survey (C2SS) Universe: Households: All Households