第 11 章 被動語態 The Passive 清雲科技大學應用外語系 助理教授：陳徵蔚

被動基本概念 The mouse ate the cheese. The cheese was eaten by the mouse.

11-1 Forming The Passive Active ： (a) Mary helped the boy. Passive ： (b) The boy was helped by Mary. Active ： (c) An accident happened. Passive ： (d) (none) Form of the passive ： be + past participle

ACTIVE Simple presentMaryhelpsthe boy. Present progressiveMaryis helpingthe boy. Present perfect ※ Maryhas helpedthe boy. Simple pastMaryhelpedthe boy. Past progressiveMarywas helpingthe boy. Past perfect ※ Maryhad helpedthe boy. Simple future ※ Marywill helpthe boy. Be going toMary is going to help the boy. Future perfect ※ Mary will have helped the boy.

PASSIVE Simple presentThe boyishelpedby Mary. Present progressive The boyis beinghelpedby Mary. Present perfect ※ The boyhas beenhelpedby Mary. Simple pastThe boywashelpedby Mary. Past progressiveThe boywas beinghelpedby Mary. Past perfect ※ The boyhad beenhelpedby Mary. Simple future ※ The boywill behelpedby Mary. Be going toThe boy is going to be helpedby Mary. Future perfect ※ The boy will have been helpedby Mary.

(e) Was the boy helped by Mary ？ (f) Is the boy being helped by Mary ？ (g) Has the boy been helped by Mary ？ Sentences refer to p. 208

11-2 Using The Passive (a) Rice is grown in India. (b) Our house was built in (c) This olive oil was imported from Crete. (d) Life on the Mississippi was written by Mark Taiwan. (e) My aunt made this rug. (active) (f) This rug was made by my aunt. That rug was made by my mother.

11-3 Indirect Objects As Passive Subjects (I.O) (D.O) (a) Someone gave Mrs. Lee an award. (b) Mrs. Lee was given an award. (D.O) (I.O) (c) Someone gave an award to Mrs. Lee. (d) An award was given to Mrs. Lee.

11-4 The Passive form of Modals and Modals The Passive form ： modal* + be + past participle (a) Tomwillbeinvitedto the picnic ( b) The window can’tbeopened (c) Childrenshouldbetaughtto respect their elders. (d)may Ibeexcusedfrom class? (e) This bookhad betterbereturnedto the library before Friday. (f) The letterought tobesentbefore June 1 st. (g) Maryhas tobetoldabout our change in plans. (h) Fred is supposed to betoldabout the meeting.

The Past-Passive Form ： modal + have been + past participle (i)The letter shouldhave beensentlast week. (j)This house musthave beenbuiltover 200 years ago. (k) Jackought tohave beeninvitedto the party.

11-5 Stative Passive (a) The door is old. (b) The door is green. (c) The door is locked. (d) I locked the door five minutes ago. (e) The door was locked by me five minutes ago. (f) Now the door is locked. (g) Ann broke the window yesterday. (h) The window was broken by Ann (i) Now the window is broken.

( j) I am interested in Chinese art. (k) He is satisfied with this job. (l) Ann is married to Alex. (m) I don’t know where I am. I am lost. (n) I can’t find my purse. It is gone. (o) I am finished with my work. (p) I am done with my work.

11-6 Common Stative Passive Verbs + Prepositions (a) I’m interested in Greek culture. (b) He’s worried about losing his job. Sentences refer to p. 228

11-7 The Passive with Get. Get + Adjective (a) I’m getting hungry. Let’s eat soon. (b) You shouldn’t eat so much. You’ll get fat. (c)I stopped working because I got sleepy. Get + Past Participle (d) I stopped working because I got tired. (e) They are getting married next month. (f)I got worried because he was two hours late.

11-8 Participial Adjectives ─ The problem confuses the students. (a) It is a confusing problem ─ The students are confused by the problem. (b) They are confused students. ─ The story amuses the children. (c) It is an amusing story. ─ The children are amused by the story. (d) They are amused children.