Phylum Arthropoda Non-insects

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
9. Arthropods Largest and most successful phylum in the animal kingdom. 85% of all animals! Exoskeleton made of Chitin (light/hard polysaccharide). Jointed.
Advertisements

ARTHROPODS HOLT CH. 29 PG
Arthropods! Biology .
Phylum Arthropoda It doesn’t get any bigger than this!
VOCAB ONLY Arthropods. Skeleton on the outside of the body ____________________ Circulatory system in which _____________________ Circulatory fluid is.
Ch. 14 Notes. The Giant Prickly Stick Insect (Extatosoma tiaratum) is found in Australia. They are herbivores who cannot bite or sting in defense, but.
Ch 28- Arthropods and Echinoderms
Arthropods!!!.
Phylum Arthropoda.
Chapter 26: Phylum Arthropoda
The Arthropods Arthro = jointed, Pod = foot
Arthropod Unit: Learning Target Objectives (I can…):
Arthropods Chapter Chapter 36 Arthropods.
Arthropods. Body Plans 3 main characteristics exoskeleton Chitin Can be hard or leathery Can be hard or leathery Used like armor Molting for growing.
Phylum Arthropoda Spiders, crabs, millipedes, insects, scorpions and lobsters.
Vocabulary Review Ch 36 – Arthropods.
ARTHROPODS Insects Shrimp Centipedes Lobsters Millipedes.
Arthropods Chapter 36 Chapter 36. Arthropods Chapter 36 Chapter 36.
Phylum Arthropoda General characteristicsGeneral characteristics –largest group by sheer numbers – total number exceeds that of all other kinds of animals.
Arthropods and Their Relatives
Zoology – Arthropod Unit
Chapter 36 Table of Contents Section 1 Phylum Arthropoda
Arthropods Section 1: Features of Arthropods
Chapter 38: Arthropods 38-1 Phylum Arthropoda 38-2 Subphylum Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda.
Phylum Arthropoda. 1.Arthropoda – “jointed legs” A. Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and a tough exoskeleton made of chitin. 1). 3 layers a) Outer.
Phylum: Arthropoda Insects, lobster, shrimp, millipedes, centipedes, spiders, ticks.
Chapter 36 Section 1 Arthropoda.
Arthropoda Jointed Legged Animals. Introduction More than a million artrhopods have been identified to date. More than a million artrhopods have been.
SUBPHYLA: TRILOBITA, CRUSTACEA, CHELICERATA, AND UNIRAMIA
Arthropods By: Ethan Jones and Xavier. Arthropods Makes up 3/4's of all animal species -total number of arthropod species is MORE than all other species.
Phylum Arthropoda Crustaceans, Insects, Arachnids.
Phylum Arthropoda. Arthropods  Make up about 80% of the known animal species  Insects are by far the most common species of arthropods  Arthropod means.
Phylum Arthropoda What is the world’s STRONGEST ANIMAL? The RHINOCEROS beetle: is able to carry up to 100 times its own weight. This animal can carry over.
 Makes up 3/4's of all animal species  Includes insects, spiders, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes, crabs, lobsters, & crayfish  Arthropod means "jointed.
Terrestrial Mandibulates: Spiders and Insects
Arthropods Chapter 36 Chapter 36. Arthropods Chapter 36 Chapter 36.
Arthropods Chapter 36 Chapter 36. Arthropods Chapter 36 Chapter 36.
Chapter 28: Arthropods and Echinoderms. What is an Arthropod? Segmented body Segmented body Tough exoskeleton of chitin Tough exoskeleton of chitin Jointed.
Kingdom – Animalia Phylum Arthropoda – “jointed foot” Sub phyla: Crustacea – crabs, crawfish, shrimp ARTHROPODS.
Chapter 28 Arthropods Section 2 Diversity of Arthropods.
Arthropods Characteristics
Ch 38 – Phylum Arthropoda. Characteristics of Arthropods Segmented (Arthropod means “jointed foot” Segmented (Arthropod means “jointed foot” Body segments.
28.2. Arachnids Class Arachnida Spiders (largest group), scorpions, mites, ticks Two body regions Cephalothorax Abdomen Chelicerae: appendages modified.
` PHYLUM ARTHROPODA. 1. Characteristics of arthropods 3/4 of all animal species belong to this phylum. Arthropods are segmented animals. The name means.
VOCAB ONLY Arthropods.
Phylum Arthropoda By Kayla Wilkinson.
Phylum Arthropoda Insects Arachnids Crustaceans
28-1 Introduction to Arthropods
Groups of Arthropods.
28-1 Introduction to Arthropods
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Largest phylum of the animal kingdom
Introduction to Arthropods
Phylum Arthropoda “Jointed – foot”.
Arthropoda  Characteristics .
Arthropoda.
Ch Arthropods Phylum: Arthropoda Means “jointed legs”
Common Group Name: Arthropods
Arthropods have exoskeletons with jointed appendages.
Ch.18, 19 and 20 Phylum Arthropoda.
Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed Legs
Chapter 38 Arthropods Subphylum: Crustacea.
Arthropoda.
Chapter 23 Arthropod Review.
Section 1 Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Arthropoda.
Arthropods Phylum Arthropoda.
Kingdom Animalia: Phylum Arthropoda: Jointed Legs
Presentation transcript:

Phylum Arthropoda Non-insects

Characteristics Makes up 3/4's of all animal species Includes insects, spiders, scorpions, millipedes, centipedes, crabs, lobsters, & crayfish Arthropod means "jointed foot" Jointed appendages (legs, antenna, mouthparts) Segmented body with paired appendages on each segment) External exoskeleton made of chitin (carbohydrate) & protein for protection & support Exoskeleton has 3 layers --- outer waxy layer repels water, middle layer has calcium for extra strength, & inner layer has flexible joints for movement Protostomes (blastopore develops into mouth) Coelomate (mesoderm-lined body cavity) Ventral nervous system Open circulatory system Specialized sensory receptors & high degree of cephalization Have simple or compound eyes & segmented antenna

Movement & Growth Muscles occur in bundles & are attached to inside of exoskeleton on each side of joints Exoskeleton must be periodically molted (shed) for organism to grow Molting called ecdysis Tissues swell and put pressure on old exoskeleton Molting hormone released & causes epidermal cells to secrete enzymes that digest & loosen inner exoskeleton New exoskeleton secreted by epidermal cells flexible at first & must harden so arthropod not vulnerable to predators so often stay in hiding after molting Arthropods go through numerous molts

Butterfly Molting Pupal Case

Evolution & Taxonomy Evolved from ancestral arthropod with many body segments each with appendages Modern arthropod segments fused into larger, specialized structures called tagmata Four subphyla       * Trilobita - extinct trilobites      * Crustacea - shrimps, lobsters, crayfish, & barnacles      * Chelicerata - spiders, scorpions, & ticks      * Uniramia -centipedes, millipedes

Subphylum Trilobita Characteristics Includes extinct trilobite Marine Have a head & segmented trunk with one pair of legs on each segment Breathe through gills Single pair of antenna

Subphylum Chelicerata Characteristics Includes 2 classes --- Xiphosura or Merostomata (horseshoe crab) and Arachnida (spiders, ticks, scorpions, & mites) Have a cephalothorax (fused head& thorax) and abdomen No antenna Simple eyes or ocelli Have 6 pairs of jointed appendages:      * Chelicerae - claws or fangs (1 pair)      * Pedipalps - used for feeding, walking, sensing, transferring sperm (1 pair)       * Walking legs - movement (4 pairs)

Class Merostomata Horseshoe crab   * Marine   * Not true crabs   * Fanglike pincers or chelicerae   * Use book gills to breathe

Class Arachnida Terrestrial Body divided into a cephalothorax and abdomen The cephalothorax usually has six pairs of jointed appendages      * Four pairs of legs      * Chelicerae or fangs with venom      * Pedipalps * No antenna Breathe by book lungs &/or tracheal tubes

Spiders Arachnid that feeds on insects (carnivores) Have oval shaped, unsegmented abdomen Cephalothorax connected by narrow waist to abdomen Have 8 simple eyes or ocelli Fangs pierce prey, inject poison, & suck out body fluids  Pedipalps on head help sense prey & move it to the mouth Open circulatory system Ostia are openings in heart where blood reenters Body cavity called hemocoel Hemocycanin is oxygen-carrying pigment in blood Have silk glands to make silk & spinnerets to release silk for webs Breathe by book lungs & tracheal tubes Malpighian tubules filter wastes & reabsorb water                          

Spiders cont… Adaptations for a predatory life on land Book lungs = paired sacs in the abdomen with many parallel folds that resemble the pages of a book. The folds in a book lung provide a large surface area for gas exchange. (and/or) Tracheae = a system of tubes that carry air directly to the tissues from spiracles in the exoskeleton.

Spiders cont… 3. Malpighian tubules = hollow projections of the digestive tract that collect body fluids and wastes and carry them to the intestine. After most of the water is absorbed, the wastes leave the body in a nearly solid form with the feces. This helps spiders conserve water. And/Or 4. Coxal glands = organs that remove wastes and discharge them through openings at the base of some of the legs.

Ticks & Mites Parasitic arachnid Fused cephalothorax & abdomen Most abundant arachnid Need blood meal to molt Mites can damage fruit & feed on dead skin at base of hair follicle (extremely small parasitic or free-living) Ticks carry Lyme disease & Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (range in length from a few millimeters to a little over 1inch and are parasitic)

Dust Mites

Scorpions Have a cephalothorax & long segmented abdomen curled over body Prefer dry regions Poisonous stinger on end of abdomen Breathe through book lungs Pedipalps modified into claws Nocturnal predators

Scorpion

Subphylum Crustacea Characteristics cont… Marine members include shrimp, lobster, copepods, barnacles, & crabs Terrestrial crustaceans called isopods include pillbugs & sowbugs Freshwater members include crayfish & Daphnia (water fleas)

Subphylum Crustacea Characteristics Have two pairs of appendages on their head that serve as feelers Usually have appendages on most other body segments At least some of the appendages are branched All have jaws or mandibles for chewing or tearing Known as mandibulates Have cephalothorax & abdomen 16 to 20 body segments Have 10 pairs of jointed appendages Most breathe through gills Most have a nauplius larval stage Aquatic crustaceans often incorporate large amounts of calcium carbonate into their exoskeleton

Subphylum Crustacea Examples Barnacles      * Marine       * Sessile crustaceans that live in limestone case       * Filter plankton with 12 appendages called cirri

Isopods (pillbugs & sowbugs) Live on land in dark places Have 7 pairs of legs on a segmented body Can roll into a ball for protection

Crayfish Cephalothorax made of 13 fused segments & covered by protective carapace Antennules located on head help in balance, touch, & taste Statocysts - balancing organs at the base of antennule Antenna on head used for touch & taste Maxillae - paired mouthparts that move side to side to tear food Maxillipeds - help hold food Chelipeds - claws used to capture food & for protection Mandibles - jaws that move up & down to crush  food Walking legs - 8 pairs used for movement Swimmerets - under abdomen to swim, gas exchange, & protect eggs/young Abdomen ends in flat segment called telson with flat uropods on each side

Crayfish cont… Compound eyes on stalks Chitinous teeth in stomach grind food Wastes leave through anus Green glands filter wastes from blood & help with salt balance Open circulatory system with heart to pump blood to gills & body cells Ostia - one way valves allowing blood from dorsal sinus to reenter heart Gills attached to walking legs Separate sexes that mate in fall & sperm stored in seminal receptacle Eggs attach to swimmerets of female & hatch in several weeks

Crayfish cont… Know functions of appendages pg. 749 Digestion = food passes through the esophagus to the stomach, where teeth made of chitin and calcium carbonate grind the food into a fine paste. The paste is mixed with enzymes from the digestive gland then it enters the intestine and the digestive gland for further digestion and absorption. Indigestible material leaves through the anus

Crayfish cont… Respiration = as a crayfish walks, its legs circulate water across its gills. Feathery branches on the posterior pair of maxillae also help direct water over the gills. Each gill is covered by an extension of the exoskeleton that is thin enough to permit gases to diffuse across the gill surface.

Crayfish cont… Circulation = the dorsal heart pumps hemolymph into several large vessels that carry it to different regions of the body. Hemolymph leaves the vessels and enters the gills, where it exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen with the water. From the gills, the hemolymph returns to the dorsal part of the crayfish and enters the heart.

Crayfish cont… Excretion = water constantly enters the tissues of a crayfish by osmosis. This excess water is eliminated by green glands. The dilute fluid is collected by the green glands leaves the body through a pore at the base of the antennae.

Copepods Largest group of crustaceans Make up most of the marine plankton Serve as food for many marine animals Found in freshwater, marine, & moist terrestrial environments

Subphylum Uniramia Characteristics All have antenna, mandibles (jaws), & unbranched appendages Single pair of unbranched antenna Includes 3 classes --- Chilopoda (centipedes), Diplopoda (millipedes), & Insecta Known as myriapods “many feet” Most are terrestrial Exoskeleton prevents desiccation (water loss)

Class Chilopoda Terrestrial centipedes Flattened body with longer legs for fast movement Have 1 pair of legs per body segment Predators Mandibles & maxilla for chewing prey (insects & earthworms) Claw-like appendages or pincers on 1st body segment that can inject venom Can coil up for defense

Centipede

Class Diplopoda Terrestrial millipedes Have 2 pairs of legs per body segment Rounded body Scavengers on decaying vegetation as they burrow through soil Roll into ball when threatened & spray noxious chemical containing cyanide

Millipedes