牛津高中英语牛津高中英语 ( 模块四 · 高一下学期 )

Grammar and usage 板块：教学设计 — 课件 Unit 2

课件描述： 通过对情态动词的介绍来帮助 学生学习掌握情态动词。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义，但是不完 整，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带 to 的动词不定式 连用。 ability certainty permission obligation make requests make suggestions make offers give advice 能力 义务, 责任 确定 允许 提出请求 提出建议 提供帮忙 提出忠告 Modal verbs: general introduction

(1)He can run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds. (2)Can this little girl read before she goes to the primary school? ability can 表示可能性时，指的是理论上的可能，它 通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实 性。如： Accidents can happen ． Anybody can make mistakes ． can / be able to

ability 在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力 做成某事，我们要用 was ／ were able to 而 不能用 could 。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside ． The girl worked hard so she was able to pass the final test ． I’m sorry I haven’t been able to play tennis with you recently.

obligation ought to/should ought to 与 should 意思接近，大多数情况下二者 可以互换，但是 should 谈的是自己的主观看法, 用 于各种人称。 ought to 则更多反映客观情况，在 谈到法律、义务和规定时使用。如： We should ／ ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work ． You shouldn’t spend so much time playing. She is your mother, so you ought to support her ． Ought he to go? Yes, I think he ought (to).

have to/must obligation must 与 have to 都可以表示 “ 必须 ” 的意思，但要 注意以下两点区别。 1) must 只有现在时，而 have to 有现在时、过去时 和将来时。如： We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination ． Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money ．

2) must 表示主观看法， have to 则侧重于客 观需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything ． In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks ． obligation have to/must

She might win a medal at the Olympics. She may be at home now. She could read and write at the age of 4. She should come to join us. She ought to/will/must help me whenever I am in trouble. certainty might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must very uncertaintyalmost certainty

can / could / may / might could 比 can 更委婉， might 比 may 更委婉 ---Can I watch the Olympics ? ---Yes, you can. No, you can’t. --- May I watch TV after finishing my homework? --- Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not. permission informal / spoken formal / written

-- Will/Can/Could/Would you help me with my training? -- Yes, I will/can/can/will. will/can/could/would make requests informal formal

make suggestions shall 常用于第一，三人称，表示征求对方意见。 --Shall we/I/he/she/they do some exercise this morning? --Yes. --Shall he come in? -- Ok.

make offers I’ll wash your sports jacket. Shall I get a ticket for you? Shall we carry the books for you ? Shall I clean the blackboard for you? give advice You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming. The students should spend all their time working at their lessons.

和其他时态的连用 The boys may be playing football on the playground. The boys may have finished their homework by the time school is over. He plays basketball very well. He must have practiced it a lot. Our headmaster must have been to USA, for he knows the country so much.

must have done 的反意疑问句 You must have seen the film, haven’t you? You must have seen the film last week, didn’t you? His parents must have beaten him, haven’t they? His parents must have beaten him yesterday, didn’t they?

shall 可以用来征求对方意见。用于第一、三人称。 此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允 诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称。 如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening ？ ( 征求意见 )  You shall go to the front at once ． ( 命令 )  Don’t worry ． You shall get the answer this very afternoon ．（允诺） He shall be sorry one day ． I tell you ． ( 警告 ) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution ．  ( 决心 )  shall / will

will 在肯定句中表示意愿或决心时，是可以用于条 件状语从句的。在疑问句中用于第二、三人称表 示意愿。如： Will you go hiking with me in the mountain? Will he pay for me? If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English ． If you will come this way, the manager will meet you ．  shall / will

mustn’t / needn’t mustn’t 解释为 “ 不准，不许 ” ，语气强烈； needn’t “ 不需要，没必要 ” ，语气缓和。 You mustn’t miss this football match. It’s very important. You needn’t watch the game if you don’t want to. --Must we clean the classroom? --Yes, you must. /No, you needn’t.

need / dare 作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否 定句。 ---Need I help you? ---Yes, please. You needn’t telephone him now. How dare you talk to the teacher like that? The girl dare not go out alone at night.

用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式． We need to tell him the news. You don’t need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didn’t dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes. need / dare

Have a try!

1.A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A.should B.can C.must D.will B 2.How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A.can B.must C.need D.may A

3.--The room is so dirty.____ we clean it? --Of course. A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do B 4.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ___ have taken it? A.should B.must C.could D.would C

5.--I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins.___ I have a look? --Yes, certainly. A.Do B.May C.Shall D.Should B 6.I was really anxious about you. You ___ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave B

7.--Are you coming to Jeff’s party? --I’m not sure. I __ go to the concert instead. A.must B.would C.should D.might D 8.Sorry, I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A.might B.should C.can D.will A

9.--When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. --They ___ be ready by by 12:00. A.can B.should C.might D.need B 10.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could C

11.When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work everyday. A.would B. should C. had better D. might A 12. I wonder how he __ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say D