Unit 3 Grammar and usage (II)

Modal verbs and the passive voice

You must close the windows. The windows must be closed. The viewer can touch the objects. The objects can be touched. modal verb + be + done

Computers can calculate the position of the viewer any time. The position of the viewer can be calculated at any time (by computers). We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc.

Note the use of the modal verbs in the active and passive voices.

Practice: 1. Viewers can touch the objects in the film. 2. The viewer may feel a real sense of achievement and happiness. 3. RealCine might not impress some viewers. The objects in the film can be touched. A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt. Some viewers might not be impressed by RealCine.

4. Teachers could use RealCine in the classroom too. 5. Film-makers should use RealCine for all films. RealCine could be used in the classroom too. RealCine should be used for all films.

6. Scientists ought to develop RealiCine further. 7.The viewer must wear special gloves. RealCine ought to be developed further. Special gloves must be worn.

Read the first report and complete the second on Page 50.

P.48-51

Verbs like give, lend, offer, send, tell and show can be followed by two objects, in the passive voice we often use the person as the subject, and sometimes use the thing as subject. 1. Practice for double objects:

We offered people in the flooded areas some food and clothes. Practice for double objects: People in the flooded areas were offered some food and clothes. Some food and clothes were offered to the people in the flooded areas.

2. Practice for object complement: 1)They heard a boy singing in the next room. A boy was heard singing in the next room. 2)They saw the boy fall from the tree. The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 在主动语态中有些动词后接省 to 不定式作 宾补, 但在被动语态中要用带 to 的不定式 作主补. 如 : see/hear/make /let/ help 等.

短语动词用于被动语态时相当于及 物动词， 如： look after, give up, take care of, pay attention to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。 1)We must take good care of the orphans. 3. Practice for verbal phrases: Good care must be taken of the orphans. The orphans must be taken good care of.

4.Special passive patterns. __________that he will recover soon. ______________that another book will be published next month. 1. 据说他很快恢复了。 2. 据报道下个月又一本书要出版。 It is said It is reported He is said to recover soon. Another book is reported to be published next month.

1)It+ passive verb+ that-clause 2)Subject+ passive verb+ to-infinitive say/ believe/ report/ suppose/ know/ prove.. Verbs used in the above patterns are:

Special warning: 1. 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有 被动语态, 不及物动词或系动词没有被 动语态. 如： happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel 等。 1) This room is belonged to me. 2) This music is sounded sweet. belongs to sounds

2. 有些动词常用主动形式表示被动 的意思， 如： act, cook, keep, look, open, write, read, sell,wash 等。 1) Your article reads well. 2) This type of car sells well in China. 3) This hall measures 100 metres long. 4) This kind of cloth washes easily. 5) Your pen writes smoothly.

Read the phrases on Page 51, and then fill in the blanks.

1.be bored with: 厌烦 2. be fascinated by ：被 …… 吸引 3. be situated in/ on ： 位于 4. draft ：起草 5. finalize the article: 给文章定稿 6. write own code: 编写自己的代码 7. set up ：创建 8. close down ：关闭；倒闭；停业 9. go bankrupt ：破产；倒闭 10. the power of Internet ：互联网的力量

Answers to the Ex. on Page 51: 2) bored with 3) interested in 4) was written by 5) was set up 6) were employed 7) was surprised by 8) was accused of 9) was questioned by 10) was closed down 11) was purchased

Homework 1.Preview Task. 2..