Unit 1 Grammar:

情态动词用法 ( 一 ) must can/ could/can ’ t may/ might

I. must 的用法 1. 一般用法 2. 猜测性用法 (1) “ 必须 ” ( 肯定句或疑问句中 ) (2) “ 禁止 ” ( 否定句中 ) e.g. The work must be finished in one hour. e.g. You mustn’t talk loudly in class. “ 一定 ”( 肯定句中 ) e.g. There must be something wrong with the machine. The ground is wet. There must have been a rain last night.

II. can/ could/ can ’ t 的用法 1. 一般用法 (1)“ 能够 ” “ 会 ”” 可以 ” ( 肯定句中 ) (2)“ 不能 ” “ 无法 ” ( 否定句中 ) (3) 表许可 “ 可以 … 吗 ? ” ( 疑问句中 ) e.g. I can sing English songs. e.g. They can’t / cannot use my bike without my permission. e.g. ---Can/ Could/ May I borrow your pen ?

II. can/ could/ can ’ t 的用法 2. 猜测性用法 (1) “ 可能 ” ( 主要在疑问句中, 偶尔出现在肯定句中 ) (2) “ 不可能是 ” “ 绝对不会 ” ( 在否定句中 ) ---Can the man in blue be our teacher? ---Who can/ could it be that makes a phone call? ---No, it can’t be our teacher. Our teacher is not so old. I saw Mr Want just now. He couldn’t have gone to Beijing.

III. may/ might 的用法 1. 一般用法 2. 猜测性用法 表示许可或征求对方许可,“ 可以 ” ---May (Can/ Could ) I go out with my friends, Mum? ---Yes, you may. ---No, you may not. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you’d better not. Miss Wang may/ might know Spanish, but I’m not sure about it. Mary may/ might have heard of the sad news, for she is very upset recently. “ 可能 ”

ORDER: Might May Could Can Must UNCERTAIN CERTAIN

Form: 对现在或将来事情的猜测或描述 : 对过去事情的猜测或描述 : 情态动词 + 动词原形 / be 动词 情态动词 +have done

Practice 1: 1. Helen ___________ go on the trip with us, but she isn ’ t quite sure yet. 2. They have bought a new car. They ______ have a lot of money. 3. ____________ she have told me a lie ? 4. I didn ’ t hear the phone. I ______ have been asleep. 5. Someone is knocking at the door. It ______ be Mary because She has fallen ill. may/ might must Can/ Could must can ’ t

Practice2 : 1. Don ’ t be late again. You ____ be here on time. A. may B. can C. must D. needn ’ t 2. —— It is rather cold here. Shall we light a fire? —— No, we ___, because things here are easy to catch fire. A. won ’ t B. can ’ t C. mustn ’ t D. needn ’ t

3. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ____ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would 4. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ______ lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 5. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How_______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must

9. Sorry, I’m late. I ______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. must B. should C. can D. will Are you coming to Jeff’s party? I’m not sure. I _______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 11. Michael ________be a policeman, for he is much too short. A needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may

( 可能是 Kate 。 ) ( 绝对不是 Marry 。 ) ( 可能不是 Tommy 。 ) Mum: Who is it? Jim: ( 一定是 Tom 。 ) It must be Tom. It may be Kate. It can ’ t be Marry It may not be Tommy. Practice 3:

IV. should 的用法 1. should do sth=ought to do sth “ 应该做某事 ” e.g. Students should/ ought to put their studies first. should not do sth=ought not to do sth =oughtn’t to do sth “ 不应该做某事 ” e.g. We should not / ought not to eat too much junk food.

2. should/ ought to have done sth should not have done sth / ought not to have done sth IV. should 的用法 “ 本应该做却未做 ” “ 本不应该做却做了 ” I should/ ought to have phoned Kate this morning, but I forgot. You shouldn’t / ought not to have stopped on the motorway.

IV. should 的用法 3. should 用在表 “ 建议, 命令, 要求 ” 之意的词汇 如 advise, suggest, insist, request, order, command 等所引导的宾语从句中, 表示虚拟 语气. 但 should 可以省略. e.g. He suggested/ advised that we (should) pay a visit to the museum. I insist that you (should) go to see a doctor.

V. shall 的用法 1. 在肯定句中表示将来, shall 可以与第一人称连用. e.g. I shall/ will do more sports to keep myself healthier. My brother will go to Shanghai tomorrow afternoon. 2. shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人 征求对方意见. e.g. Shall we begin our lesson? Let’s have a break, shall we? When shall he be able to leave the hospital?

V. shall 的用法 3. shall 用在肯定句或否定句, 与第二, 第三 人称连用, 表示义务 、命令、警告、允诺 或威胁. e.g. You shall fail if you don’t work harder. He shall have the book when I finish reading. He shall be punished if he disobeys the rules. 警告 允诺 威胁

VI. need 的用法 现在 肯定 否定 过去 肯定 否定 情态动词 need do sth needn’t do sth 行为 / 实义动词 need to do sth does/ don’t/ didn’t need to do sth need have done needn’t have done 本来必须做某事 本来不必做某事

VI. need 的用法 e.g. ---Must/ Need he stay here? ---Yes, he must. ---No, he needn’t. e.g. Need you have paid so much? I got up early, but I needn’t have done so, because I had no work to do that morning. *dare 的用法与 need 的用法基本相同.

VII. will 与 would 的用法 1. 助动词 will+ 动词原形构成未来式，表示 未来的动作。 Would 用在过去将来时中. e.g. My brother will go to Shanghai tomorrow afternoon. We will have a picnic this weekend. Miss Jane said she would leave soon. 2. will 用于疑问句中, 与第二人称连用, 表示征 求意见. would 可以代替, 语气更委婉. e.g. Will/ Would you give me a cigarette?

VIII. had better / would rather 的用法 肯定 否定 意义 最好做 / 最好不做 宁愿做 / 宁愿不做 had better do sth had better no do sth would rather do sth would rather not do sth e.g. You’d better (not) _____________________. He would rather (not) __________________.

P1: II/ III 1 — A/C 2 — B/D 3 — A/C 4--B/D 5 — E 6 — F 7--G events, discussed, interesting, more, will help, falls, depending, fifteenth, took, watching, is set

P2: Translate … 1. Millions of people starved to death during the war. 2. You have a life of plenty; what are you worried/ concerned about? 3. I’ll go with her to make sure she comes to no harm. I’ll go with her so that she will come to no harm. 4. The museum was built in memory of the famous scientist. 5. She showed us the athletics awards that she had won. 6. They pretended as though nothing had happened. 7. This will probably lead to trouble in the future.

P3. Write the expression … 1. have fun with 2. look forward to 3. dress up 4. turn up ’ 5. keep one ’ s word 6. hold one ’ s breath 7. set off 8. take place 9. play a trick 10. remind … of get together

P8: IV/ V 1. starving 2. arrival 3. tricks 4. poets 5. custom 6. harm 7. leads 8. memory 9. remind 10. harvest 1.Thanks 后面加 for 2. big---biggest 3. and—but 4. because---that 引导表语从句 5. basing-based 6. in—on 7. 正确 8. had—have 9. 去掉 a 10. child---children