Ch. 7, Sect. 4 Jackson, States’ Rights, and the National Bank

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828” 1824, another protective tariff, raised from 23%- 37%. WHY DOES THE SOUTH OPPOSE TARIFFS? Higher Tariffs  Fewer Imports from Britain  Britain makes less $  Britain buying less cotton from South

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828” Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’ rights, esp. in South Carolina Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition” calls for nullification, which also implied power of a state to secede from the Union

Growing Sectionalism Calhoun leaves Vice-Pres. & becomes defender of sectionalism, embittered against Jackson & nationalism Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split b/w North & South, b/w Secessionists & Unionists South Carolina declares Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 “null”- threatens to secede

South Carolina Rebels 1832 Tarriff increases the tariff amount SC Declared the increase Null and Void SC Threaten to secede Jackson was furious Force Bill (1833)- Pres. Jackson authorized to use military to enforce the Tariff Henry Clay –The Great Compromiser –The compromise is to gradually reduce the tariff over several years –War was avoided, well at least for a few years

B.U.S. (Bank of the United States) Clay and Webster try to renew the BUS charter Jackson is suspicious of the BUS, sees it as a threat to democracy b/c of its influence and its loans to “corrupt” politicians Jackson rouses anger of the people against BUS Bank loses charter, eventually goes out of business. HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES: 1. Banking shifts from Philly to NYC and smaller banks 2. Clay and Webster create a new political party, the Whigs, to oppose Jackson and the Democrats.

Jackson and the National Bank Jackson opposed the National Bank –Personal problems –Saw the bank as a symbol of Northern wealth and power –Election issue –“Common Man” Pet Banks Formation of the “Whig” Party –Jackson viewed as a king

Jackson “anoints” Martin Van Buren to become President after him and to lead the Democratic Party. PANIC OF 1837: Causes and Effects What is history’s verdict of Van Buren? How much of the Panic of 1837 was his fault? Fed $ put in Wildcat Banks Specie Circular 1836 “run” on Bank Notes Banks stop accepting paper $ Bank closings Unemployment & Recession

How would you evaluate Andrew Jackson’s presidency? GOOD: BAD: “UGLY:”

William Henry Harrison Whig Party Candidate 1840

Jackson’s Legacy VP Martin van Buren becomes President –Won election with Jackson's support –Bank Problems Wildcat banks Panic of 1837 William Henry Harrison –Whig Party –Defeated van Buren

The Whigs and the Democrats: Two-Party System Re-emerges, pp

Complete Explanation:A crude satire on the obstacles facing Van Buren's reelection effort in Weighed down by a large bundle labeled "Sub Treasury," Van Buren follows the lead of Andrew Jackson toward the White House. His way is blocked by barrels of "Hard Cider" and log cabins, symbolizing the popular appeal of Harrison's candidacy. In the right distance the Capitol is visible, and in the left distance Van Buren's home at Kinderhook. A mischievous youth stands behind Van Buren thumbing his nose. Complete Explanation:A crude satire on the obstacles facing Van Buren's reelection effort in Weighed down by a large bundle labeled "Sub Treasury," Van Buren follows the lead of Andrew Jackson toward the White House. His way is blocked by barrels of "Hard Cider" and log cabins, symbolizing the popular appeal of Harrison's candidacy. In the right distance the Capitol is visible, and in the left distance Van Buren's home at Kinderhook. A mischievous youth stands behind Van Buren thumbing his nose. Website design © 2005 HarpWeek, LLC & Caesar Chaves DesignAll Content © HarpWeek, LLCWebsite design © 2005 HarpWeek, LLC & Caesar Chaves DesignAll Content © HarpWeek, LLC “Complete Explanation: A crude satire on the obstacles facing Van Buren's reelection effort in Weighed down by a large bundle labeled "Sub Treasury," Van Buren follows the lead of Andrew Jackson toward the White House. His way is blocked by barrels of "Hard Cider" and log cabins, symbolizing the popular appeal of Harrison's candidacy. In the right distance the Capitol is visible, and in the left distance Van Buren's home at Kinderhook. A mischievous youth stands behind Van Buren thumbing his nose.” Website design © 2005 HarpWeek, LLC & Caesar Chaves Design All Content © HarpWeek, LLC

Election of 1840 Van Buren (Dem) vs. Harrison (Whigs) Whigs steal Jackson’s political strategy: Run an old war hero as a “man of the people” = William Henry Harrison, Gov. of Indiana and “Hero” of Tippecanoe IRONY= Harrison was the aristocrat, Van Buren had grown up in poverty. Harrison wins, then dies after 4 weeks in office.

Tyler: A President without a Party 1841: Tyler assumes Presidency after Harrison’s death Tyler turns out to be more of a Democrat than a Whig! Clay and Whigs clash with Tyler over creating BUS (Bank of the United States) and then Tyler threatens to veto Tariff increases.