Fungi (& a little more Cyanophyta) For Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Class SI Biology SI Session Topic 12 Fungi (& a little more Cyanophyta) Spring 2010 For Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Class Picture from http://media.photobucket.com/image/mushroom/Kustomdzines/mushroom-plate1.jpg Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2009 sibio@att.net

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Sporophytes(2n) Asexual (meiosis) Sporangia Spores(n) Basic Life cycle (Asexual and Sexual) Zygotes(2n) Gametophytes(n) Female/male Gametangia Sexual (mitosis) Gamates(n) Drawn by ©Pyeongsug Kim Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Picture from http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT201/AntherArch/Sporophytes-3.htm Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Kingdom Fungi Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Morchella Agaricus Allomyces. Rhizopus Puccinia Neurospora Saccharomyces Ustilago Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Reproduction Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota -Sexual to form a sporophyte. -Asexual by zoospores. -Sexual to form a zygosporangium. -Asexual by nonmotile spores. Sexual to form asci. Asexual by budding, conidiospores, fragmentation Sexual to form basidia. Asexual by budding, conidiospores, fragmentation. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Chytridiomycota -Primitive fungi -Allomyces ~ Water mold Gametophytes(n) Sporophytes(2n) Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ____________ Genus ____________ Chytridiomycota Allomyces Gametophytes(n) -Contain female and male gametangia Gametangia -produce gametes(n) by mitosis Release gametes(n) male gametangium female gametangium Sporophytes(2n) -Contain sporangia. Sporagia -produce spores(n) by meoisis. sporangia Picture from http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/Bot201/chytridiomycota/Chytridiomycota.htm Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ____________ Genus ____________ Chytridiomycota Allomyces Gametophytes? Sporophytes? Haploid(n)? Diploid(2n)? Gametophytes(n) Sporophytes(n) Picture from http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/allomyces.jpg http://ocid.nacse.org/classroom/fungi/bot461/images/Chytridiomycota/Allomyces/allomycesgametangia2.jpg Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Mushroom structure A: B: C: D: Cap(pileus) Gill Ring Stalk,Stipe E: F:G: H: Spores Volva Hypa(e) Mycelium Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Hyphae -Filamentous strands that make up the fungal thallus -collective hyphae = mycelium -Transport the food and feed -may grows to reproductive structure. Picture from http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/18918 Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 ________ Hyphae Cells are divided by cross-walls (septa). Septated ________ or coenocytic (without septa) -Long, continuous cells that are not divided by septa. Aseptate Picture from http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/learning/resources/Mycology/StructureFunction/hyphalStructure.shtml Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Septum Aseptated hyphae Septated hypae Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 ___________ -Rootlike filament -Absorb water & nutrient Rhizoids Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ____________ Basidiomycota Phylum ___________ Ascomycota Agaricus Genus ____________ Morchella Genus ____________ Phylum ___________ Basidiomycota Phylum ____________ Chytridiomycota Amanita Genus ____________ Genus ____________ Allomyces Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Sporangia Phylum ____________ Chytridiomycota Genus ____________ Allomyces Sporangiophore female Gametangia male Gametangia male female Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Be able to identify an ascomycete and basidiomycete if you saw one. Phylum ______________ Ascomycota Genus ______________ Saccharomyces (yeast) Is it Asexual or Sexual? Most of the organism reproduce by __________. Budding Phylum ______________ Basidiomycota Genus ______________ Agaricus Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ______________ Zygomycota Rhizopus Genus ______________ Sexual? Asexual? What is the structure name? _______________ Zygosporangium Hyphae What is inside?___________ Zygospores Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Zygosporangium Both are Rhizopus. Sporangium Sporangiophores Gametangium Sexual? Asexual? Sexual? Asexual? Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Zygosporangium Gametangia Zygote Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ______________ Basidiomycota Coprinus Genus ______________ Sexual? Asexual? Basidium- A small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections. Basidium __________ Basidiospores _______________ Basidiospores _______________ Gill __________ Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Fruit ???? The fertile, often spore-bearing structure of a plant that does not bear seeds. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 ___________________ the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells Basidiocarp(Basidioma) Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ______________ Ascomycota Penicillum Genus ______________ Sexual? Asexual? Phylum ______________ Ascomycota Aspergillus Genus ______________ Sexual? Asexual? Both are _______________. conidial fungi Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 ______________ Conidum/Conidia ______________ Conidiophore Conidiophore _____________________ Spore-producing structures Conidia _____________________ The chains of asexual spores, formed on a conidiophore. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ___________ Ascomycota Morchella Genus ____________ Phylum ___________ Ascomycota Genus ____________ Peziza Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Sexual? Asexual? Basidia/Basidospores Sexual? Asexual? Asci/Ascospores Sexual? Asexual? Conidiospores/Conidia/Conidiophores Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 What are they? __________________ Lichens What are they consist of? __________________ Algae + Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. Reproduction method? __________________ Fragmentations Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 What type of lichen? crustose fruticose fruticose _______________ _______________ _______________ foliose _______________ Crustose & folise _______________ Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 What are lichens consist of? __________________ Algae + Ascomycota or Basidiomycota. Algal cells Fungal filaments (Hyphae) Algal layer _____________ Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Mycorrhiza: “Fungus Roots” Ectomycorrhiza Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ______________ Cyanophyta Oscillatoria Genus ______________ Reproduce by _____________ Fragmentation ___________: A part of a filament of a cyanobacterium that detaches and grows by cell division into a new filament. Hormogonia Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Phylum ______________ Cyanophyta Genus ______________ Anabaena What is it? Heterocyst Function? Nitrogen fixation Phylum ______________ Cyanophyta Nostoc Genus ______________ Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Akinete Function? Resting spores: Cells that are resistant to unfavorable conditions. Heterocyst Function? Nitrogen fixation Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 The akinetes of Nostoc are usually located halfway between the heterocysts. This differs from Anabaena, where the akinetes are normally adjacent to the heterocysts. (Wikipedia) Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 In the Dr. Hughey’s Email 1. Cells in filaments with mucilage, but no large sheath........................................................ Anabaena 1. Cells in filaments that are embedded in a large gelatinous sheath that is globular in shape........... Nostoc Jeff Nostoc Anabaena Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009