World Climate Patterns Earth-Sun Relations Unit 2 World Climate Patterns Earth-Sun Relations

Revolution Vs. ROTATION. The earth rotates (spins) on its axis… In a Counter-clockwise direction… which takes 24 hours and results in day and night. Day – Exposed to the sun Night – Away from the sun

REVOLUTION Vs. rotation. The earth revolves (orbits) around the sun Again in a counter-clockwise direction… it takes 365 days and results in seasons. At NO point is the Earth closer to the sun during its orbit …. Temperature variation is in NO WAY influenced by distance from the sun. http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion1/animations/seasons_ecliptic.swf

3D image of the Earth’s Revolution…

Tilt of the Earth The earth is tilted on its axis @ 23.5o At different times of the year, the North (or South) is pointed towards the sun, while other times pointed away from the sun. Causes daylight to be longer or shorter. Contributes to the seasons as well.

Day vs Night & Length of day (daylight!) Rotation on the axis causes day and night Tilt on axis causes length of day to be longer or shorter. When hemisphere is pointed towards the sun… that hemisphere receives more direct, intense heat radiation AND More hours of exposure to the sun Giving that hemisphere longer days AND Warmer temperatures (Summer!!)

Equal Day and Night…BUT… Differences in Temperatures!? Why?

Intensity and Duration!!

Equinox & SOLSTICE SOLSTICE From Latin for sun stands still Winter & Summer which are the shortest & longest days Sun is directly over head @ 12 noon on 23.5o (North or South.) Northern hemisphere pointed TOWARDS the sun in Summer Northern hemisphere pointed AWAY from the sun in Winter Occurs Dec 21 & June 21

EQUINOX & solstice EQUINOX From Latin for equal day & night. Sun is directly overhead @ 12 noon on the equator. Equal length of night & day everywhere on earth Neither the northern hemisphere NOR the southern hemisphere are pointed towards or away from the sun In the North, occurs Sept. 21 (Autumnal/Fall) & March 21(Vernal/Spring)

Season changes Seasonal changes are all driven by changes in: The tilt of the earth on its axis AND The position of the earth in its revolution around the sun NOTE: These will ultimately determine: the amount of available sunlight (called day length or photoperiod) the sun's intensity (related to the angle at which it strikes the Earth). Warmer vs cooler

Seasons Summary – SUMMER in the NORTH!! June 21st or 22nd. North = Summer More sun hours More direct sun Noon Sun 900 @ Tropic of Cancer South = Winter Less sun hours Less direct sun A

Seasons Summary – FALL / AUTUMN in the NORTH September 21st North = Fall 12 hrs day & 12 hrs night Noon Sun 900 @ Equator South = Spring B A

Seasons Summary WINTER in the NORTH Dec 21st North = Winter Less sun hours Less direct sun South = Summer More sun hours More direct sun Noon Sun 900 @ Tropic of Capricorn B C A

Seasons Summary SPRING in the NORTH B March 21st North = Spring 12 hrs day & 12 hrs night Noon Sun 900 @ Equator South = Fall C A D Seasons Summary SPRING in the NORTH

Seasons Summary Back to Summer AGAIN! D Seasons Summary Back to Summer AGAIN!

SEASONS??? DATE??? LENGTH of DAY??? EQUINOX/SOLSTICE? NORTH NORTH SOUTH SOUTH LENGTH of DAY??? EQUINOX/SOLSTICE?

Where are these seasons experienced? Southern Northern Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere? How do you know?

What season is it in the Northern Hemisphere?

What season is it in … Canada… when it’s the vernal equinox in South Africa? Argentina… when it is winter in Norway? Greenland… when it is Fall in Mongolia? Mexico… when it is summer in south Australia? Iceland… when its autumnal equinox in New Zealand?

Know seasons are reversed in Northern & Southern Hemispheres Date North South June Sept. Dec. March

Seasons animated: Sun’s Angle and Intensity. http://astro.unl.edu/naap/motion1/animations/seasons_ecliptic.swf

End of Slide Show!