© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Breaking Through: College Reading, 7/e Brenda Smith Chapter 5: Supporting Details & Organizational Patterns

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Supporting Details Good Readers look for:  facts  descriptions  reasons that make the material interesting and convincing.

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Distinguishing Major and Minor Details Ask yourself:  What details are needed to explain or prove the main idea?  What details are included just to make the passage more interesting?

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Transitional Words To Signal Levels of Importance Primary Support (major)  first  second  last  in addition Secondary Support (minor)  for example  to illustrate

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Simple Listing: randomly listing items in a series  also  another  several  for example  in addition

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Classification: dividing items into groups or categories  groups  categories  four elements  five classes  Parts  two divisions

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Definition: initially defining a concept and expanding with examples and restatements

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Addition: providing additional information  further, furthermore  moreover  besides  likewise  again  also

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Definitions with Examples: explaining with examples to illustrate  to restate  that is  for example  to illustrate  for instance

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Description: listing characteristics or details  is  as  like  could be described

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Time Order, Sequence, or Narration: listing events in order of occurrence Patterns of Organization  first  second  finally  after  before  next  later  now  at last  until  when  (dates)

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization  Beside  around  to the right/left  opposite  to  without  within  Next to  near  below  above  close by  within  adjacent Location/Spatial Order: identifying the whereabouts of objects

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Comparison: listing similarities among items  in a similar way  similar  parallels  likewise  in a like manner

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Contrast: listing differences among items  on the other hand  bigger than  but  however  on the contrary  although  nevertheless

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization:  as a result  thus  due to  therefore  because  for this reason  consequently  hence Cause/Effect: Showing one element as producing or causing a result or effect

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Patterns of Organization Summary: condensing major points  in conclusion  briefly  to sum up  in short  in a nutshell

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Reading and Studying Criminal Justice Identify criminal acts in legal terms and make lists to remember them. Distinguish between types of crimes and criminals, making charts to distinguish them. Make timelines for legal processes. Make flowcharts for court processes. Relate legal decisions and actions to democratic freedoms.

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Selecting Magazines Read the lead article headlines and table of contents. Flip through the magazine and read article titles and boxed article excerpts. Read several “Letters to the Editor.” Decide, purchase, and enjoy!

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Summary Questions What is a detail? How do you distinguish between major and minor details? What is a simple listing pattern? What is a classification pattern?

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Summary Questions What is a definition with examples pattern? What is a chronological or sequence pattern? What is a comparison or contrast pattern? What is a cause-and-effect pattern?

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Reading Casebook WHAT IS HAPPINESS? Excerpt from Psychology Excerpt from Philosophy Excerpt from Business

© 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers. Visit the Companion Website