Unit III – Wellness through food – Proteins, cont. March 19, 2014 Warm up: In of the following list of foods, 4 foods contain very little to zero protein. Can you pick them out? Chicken eggs apples wheat products tofu hamburger nuts shrimp fish cheese celery pork lobster tomatoes bananas beans Objective: IWBAT describe the foods that provide protein. IWBAT explain how complementary proteins work.

Proteins

What are proteins? Proteins are chemical compounds that are found in every body cell They are make of small units called amino acids.

Why do you need proteins? Your body needs amino acids from proteins for: – Growth – Maintenance – Repair of tissues Proteins aid in the formation of: – Enzymes – Some hormones – Antibodies Proteins regulate body processes

Why do you need proteins? Proteins supply energy – You need to eat enough carbs and fats for your energy needs – Otherwise your body will use proteins for energy before using them to support growth and maintenance

Amino acids Scientists have found 20 amino acids that are important to the human body 9 out of the 20 are called essential amino acids; the other 11 are called nonessential amino acids The body cannot make some essential amino acids, but can make others…However, it cannot make them fast enough to meet nutritional needs Therefore it is essential that you get these essential amino acids from food

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2. Types of Proteins: Complete vs. Incomplete bccQU bccQU

3. Complementary proteins hOQI hOQI

4. Too much protein? benefits-downsides-high-protein-diets benefits-downsides-high-protein-diets

5. Too little protein? Protein energy malnutrition dZXo dZXo __MU __MU

6. Vegetarians and protein xskQ xskQ

What are the types of proteins? There are 2 types of protein: 1)Complete proteins 2)Incomplete proteins

Complete proteins Complete proteins are found in animal foods and soybeans

Complete proteins – Complete proteins support growth and normal maintenance of body tissues – Complete proteins contain all 9 essential amino acids

Complete proteins Products made from soybeans include: – Tofu – Soymilk – Edamame Animal foods include: – Meats, seafood, and poultry – Eggs and dairy products like milk and cheese

Complete proteins The food pyramid tells us to “Go Lean with Protein” That means you should choose less fatty cuts of meat, such as – Cuts of beef with little visible fat (marbling) – Ground beef with less fat – Turkey and chicken – Fish and shellfish

Which one is lean beef?

Incomplete proteins Most plant foods have incomplete proteins Incomplete proteins are missing one or more of the essential amino acids They don’t support growth nor provide for normal body maintenance

Incomplete proteins Plant foods that supply small to moderate amounts of protein include: – Grains – Vegetables Plant foods high in protein include: – Dried beans – Peas – Nuts

Complementary proteins Incomplete proteins can complement one another In other words, you can supplement a protein food lacking an amino acid with a protein food containing that amino acid When combined, the two foods provide a higher quality protein than either would have provided alone For example: – Beans and rice – Peanut butter and wheat bread

What foods complement one another?

How much protein do you need? Several factors affect a person’s need for protein – Age – Body size – Quality of the proteins – Physical state Children need more protein per pound of body weight than adults because they are growing so rapidly A larger, heavier person needs more protein than a smaller, lighter person Pregnant women need more protein to support the growth of the baby An injured person needs more protein for the repair of body tissues

Not all proteins are created equal Choose the right ones! smart/nutrition-101/3-surprising-protein- sources-video / smart/nutrition-101/3-surprising-protein- sources-video /

Protein deficiencies If the diet does not contain enough protein and calories, a condition called protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may result – Can lead to stunted growth and more infections in children – Common in undeveloped areas of the world

Excess protein in the diet Extra protein will be converted to fat in the diet Extra fat is stored in the fatty tissue of the body too-much-protein-as-bad-for-you-as- smoking/#sp=show-clips too-much-protein-as-bad-for-you-as- smoking/#sp=show-clips

Summary/Assessment What are proteins made of? What are the different kinds of protein? Where is protein found in the diet? How do you choose the right proteins? What are complementary proteins?

Creative Problem Solving Process (check all that are included)  xUnderstanding the Problem/Issue  xGenerating Ideas (Divergent, Creative Thinking)  xPreparing for Action (Convergent, Critical Thinking) Literacy for Technical Subjects(check all that are included)  xArgument Writing-focused on discipline-specific content  Explanatory Writing-focused on technical processes  Close Reading of Complex Text in technical subjects CCSSI Math Standards of Practice (check all that are included)  Make sense of problem and persevere in solving them  Reason abstractly and quantitatively  Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others  Model with mathematics  Use appropriate tools strategically  Attend to precision  Look for and make use of structure  Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning Universal Design for Learning (UDL) (must use all)  Representation: Presenting information and content in different ways (the “what” of learning)  Action and Expression: Differentiating the ways that students can express what they know (the “how” of learning)  Engagement: Stimulating interest and motivation for learning (the “why” of learning)