Drill #10 Quote: " My life depends on something that is hard to obtain, but once obtained - easy to maintain it.“ Sharif M. Agenda:Osmosis HW Check ATP Photosynthesis Warm-up: 1. Which compounds join to form proteins? 2. If an animal cell were placed in a solution of ocean water, what would immediately happen to the cell? Why?

Energy and Life Go to Section:

Living Things need energy to do work! 1. Growth 2. Reproduction 3. Movement 4. Response to stimuli 5. Active Transport 6. Homeostasis: maintain a stable & constant internal environment. Sunlight is the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth. Where does the Energy come from? Slide # 2

1. Autotroph: organisms that capture the sun’s energy to make their own food Examples:_____ & ______ 2. Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms to obtain food Examples:_____ & _______ Organisms are classified into two groups depending on how they obtain & use energy: Slide # 3

Are they autotroph or heterotroph? Go to Section: Examples: Plants Animal Fungi:Mushrooms Green Protist Plants Animal Autotroph Heterotroph

1. Autotroph: organisms that capture the sun’s energy to make their own food Examples: Plants & algae 2. Heterotrophs: organisms that consume other organisms to obtain food Examples: Animals & Fungi Organisms are classified into two groups depending on how they obtain & use energy: Slide # 5

Where do we get energy from? Slide # 6 1.In living things energy is stored in the form of (chemical) bond energy. 2.Create a bond = store energy 3.Break a bond = release energy

Energy Transformations: 1. Eat high energy organic molecules (food). 2. Break down or digest food. 3. Capture energy from the breaking down of food into a more usable form for the cell to use. 4. This usable form (ATP molecules) can pass energy around the cell. Slide # 5 Where do we get energy from? Slide # 7

Go to Section: Energy Transformations Analogy Coal, Oil & Natural Gas Electricity Electric Power Plant Appliances Mitochondria Carbs, Lipids & Proteins ATP Cell Activities Enzyme Slide # 8

Why use ATP molecules to transfer energy in the cell??? 1. ATP carries 7.3 kilocalories of energy, which provides just the right amount of energy for any chemical reaction in the cell, which uses only 3.5 to 7.3 kilocalories. 2. When transferring energy from ATP to an enzyme, some energy is lost as heat or light. 3. (7.3 kcal in ATP minus 3.5 kcal for a reaction leaves 3.8 kcal to be given off as heat or light.) Energy Currency Slide # 9

So what does ATP stand for? Adenosine Triphosphate Slide # 10

Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups Slide # 11 Go to Section: The Three Components of ATP

Ribose Adenine P P P Energy is released when the high energy phosphate bond between the 2 nd and 3 rd “P” is broken. 1. Energy is stored in ATP’s high-energy phosphate bonds. How does ATP store energy? Slide # 12

Energy + + ADP P ATP + + Energy 2. When a free phosphate group is attached onto ADP, energy is stored in this bond to create ATP. How does ATP store energy? Slide # 13

1. ADP + P = ATP (3 phosphate bonds) a. Contains just enough energy to “power” 1 cellular reaction b. A “fully charged” battery 2. ATP – P = ADP ( 2 phosphate bonds) a. Contains much less energy than ATP; cannot power a cellular reaction b. An “uncharged” battery So how is ADP different from ATP? Slide # 13

For the cell to release and use the energy in ATP, the bond between the 2 nd and 3 rd phosphate groups must break; leaving ADP and a free phosphate group. Ribose Adenine P P P Energy Released ATP ADP P Using ATP Energy

ATP /ADP Cycle ATP ADP P P Energy Stored Energy Released to do work Bonds Formed to make ATP Bonds Broken ADP P ATP ADP A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second!!! Energy Released Energy

How ATP Causes Work to Take Place 1. The phosphate group that is removed becomes attached to a protein. 2. The protein changes shape and moves (allowing Na + into the cell) 3. The phosphate group leaves the protein & the protein returns to its original shape