The United States Civil War Chapter 14

The Secession Crisis The Withdrawal of the South

The Failure of Compromise –after Southern guns fire on Northern ship at Fort Sumter, one last effort at compromise

First Battle: Fort Sumter

The Opposing Sides North advantages South advantages

The Mobilization of the North Economic Measures –Homestead Act of 1862

Raising the Union Armies –1861 US army consisted only of 16,000 troops –Lincoln calls for an increase to 23,000 troops

The War and Economic Development* Lincoln and Wartime Politics

Lincoln and Wartime Politics Cont’d –Regarding the opposition to war (biggest problem) –Election of 1864

The Abolition of Slavery The Politics of Emancipation The Confiscation Acts –First Confiscation Act –Second Confiscation Act (considered “Radical”)

The Emancipation Proclamation *Fake Smile*

African Americans and the Union Cause –186,000 emancipated Southern blacks served as soldiers, sailors and laborers for Union forces

Thirteenth Amendment 1865: abolished slavery After War 1865: Freedman’s Bureau directed by General Oliver O. Howard *

The Mobilization of the South The Confederate Government –The Confederate Constitution –Jefferson Davis named President

Finance and Mobilization –The impossible task: raising money

Finance and Mobilization Cont’d –Mobilization decrease in volunteers in 1861

States rights versus Centralization –Greatest source of Southern Division during War

Military Strategy, Campaigns and Battles The Commanders –North –South

The Sea Power –Union had overwhelming advantage of naval power, served two important roles Europe and the Disunited States

The American West and the War Opening Clashes 1861

The Western Theater The Virginia Front

1863: Year of decision –Hooker moves into position to attack Lee at Fredericksburg, but withdrawals

1863: Year of decision Cont’d –Lee’s big decision: Invade the North, –Gettysburg, Pennsylvania July , most celebrated battle of the war –Chattanooga

Last Stage: 1864 –1865 –Ulysses S. Grant (now head of Union army), plans two great offensives in 1864

Last Stage: 1864 –1865 Cont’d –Seizes and sieges Petersburg which is Richmond’s communication center...siege would last nine months

Last Stage: 1864 –1865 Cont’d –General Lee makes arrangements to meet with General Grant in the small town of Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

Effects of War on Society Statistics –More than 618,000 Americans died during the Civil War, far more than the 115,000 that died during WWI and the 318,000 that died during WWII Inflation and Public Debt

Role of Women –In North: –In South: –U.S. Sanitary Commission and Dorthea Dix

Devastation of the South –Economic –Physical:

Devastation of the South Cont’d –Communities –Changing Labor Patterns