CHANCELLORSVILLE First four days of May 1863 North led by Joseph Hooker South led by Lee – outmaneuvered North and forced them to retreat Stonewall Jackson hit by friendly fire – died about a week later

GETTYSBURG July 1, 1863 – Union and Confederate troops accidentally met at Gettysburg South heard there were shoes in the town Town was an important RR crossroad First day of battle Union led by George Meade; South led by Robert E. Lee Union fell into a defensive position in the town Fishhook formation South surrounded Union forces Union outnumbered on first day

GETTYSBURG Second day of battle 90,000 Union and 75,000 Confederate troops Southern battle plan was to outflank the North on the southern end of fishhook At same time, South wanted to take the hills on the northern side of the fishhook After briefly taking some hills, the Southern troops were driven back at both locations

GETTYSBURG 3 rd day of battle Lee ordered an artillery attack on the middle of the Union line Then he ordered George Pickett to lead his men on a charge into the line The Southern troops crossed and open field with no cover – almost created a breach in the line North fought them off – Southern charge was defeated North won the battle Over 50,000 casualties Lee abandoned hope of invading North Southern army would never recover from its losses

VICKSBURG One of the last southern strongholds on the Mississippi River Two attempts by Ulysses S. Grant and his men to take city; both failed Conducted a 6 week siege of city Steady barrage of artillery Cut off supplies People in city forced to live in caves for protection Forced to eat dogs and mules Surrendered July 4, 1863 (day after Gettysburg) Combined with Port Hudson 5 days later – gave Union control of the Mississippi R. and split South in two