AP Euro Seminar Derek Rack Per.4 Mon. 11/14

Prompt Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe. Compare and contrast political liberalism with political conservatism in the first half of the nineteenth century in Europe.

Liberalism  Demanded representative government as opposed to autocratic monarchy.  Stressed equality before the law instead of legally separate classes.  Held that the idea of liberty meant specific rights, which were: 1)Freedom of the press 2)Freedom of speech 3)Freedom of assembly 4)Freedom from arbitrary arrest

Liberalism (cont.) However, many were viewing liberalist policy as somewhat duller than in years past.However, many were viewing liberalist policy as somewhat duller than in years past. This decline was a result of radical ideological competitors. Also, opponents of liberalism criticized its economic principles, which called for unrestricted private enterprise and no government regulations in the economy.This decline was a result of radical ideological competitors. Also, opponents of liberalism criticized its economic principles, which called for unrestricted private enterprise and no government regulations in the economy. *Liberalist views mainly attracted aristocratic landowners, wealthy businessmen, and successful professional members. * Early 19 th century voting required one to own specific property, therefore excluding the workers, peasants, and low middle class due to their insufficient property holdings.

Conservatism  Preserved ancient European traditions such as the nobility.  Regarded tradition as the basic source of human institutions.  Viewed that the proper state and society rested in the hands of a judicious mixture of monarchy, bureaucracy, aristocracy, and respectful commoners.

Conservatism (cont.) Established a national church and did NOT accept religious tolerance. Believed that under one religion, the nation’s unity would strengthen. Established a national church and did NOT accept religious tolerance. Believed that under one religion, the nation’s unity would strengthen. Advocated the involvement of government in the economy. Advocated the involvement of government in the economy.

Similarities Both believed in the law and that rules apply to everyone. Both believed in the law and that rules apply to everyone. Both believed in the good of the people. Both believed in the good of the people. Both aimed at progressing and strengthening the nation Both aimed at progressing and strengthening the nation

Differences Conservatism Conservatism Government should regulate the economic market. Government should regulate the economic market. Deeply stressed tradition Deeply stressed tradition A hereditary monarchy should hold power. A hereditary monarchy should hold power. Should attain a strong and privileged landowning aristocracy. Should attain a strong and privileged landowning aristocracy. The use of an official church. The use of an official church. Liberalism Liberalism Government should not intervene with the economy. Government should not intervene with the economy. A representative government should hold power. A representative government should hold power. Everyone has equal rights and a fair shot in the free market. Everyone has equal rights and a fair shot in the free market. Stressed religious tolerance. Stressed religious tolerance.