Aim: Why did ancient civilizations rise and fall? Mansa Musa: Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca (Islam) and established trade routes to the Middle East (mult quest)** traditional economy : An economy based on agriculture, with others in society working in simple crafts, such as the manufacturing of cloth or pottery (economics) Irrigation system: A system to bring water to support crops terrace farming : The cutting out of flat areas (terraces) into near vertical slopes to allow farming. Terrace farms appears as steps cut into a mountainside. This adaptation allowed both the early Chinese, and the Inca of Mesoamerica to grow enough food for their large populations (geography/how people changed their environment essay)

Essential Questions How did geography of Africa encourage the development of diverse civilizations? (geography) What links did Africa have with global trade routes? (movement of people and goods) Why was agriculture important to Mesoamerican civilizations? (agriculture/geography) Why was religion so significant in the empires of the Americas? (belief systems) What were the achievements of these civilizations? (culture)

African Trading Kingdoms The African Trading Kingdoms consist of three main cultures, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, all located in West Africa. All three kingdoms maintained vast trading networks across the Sahara desert and into the Middle East and North Africa. The main export was gold, which made each kingdom wealthy and strong, and provided them with the conditions necessary for cultural and intellectual achievemen t Task: Complete page 15 of the review packet using your review book/handout

Mesoamerica The Mesoamerican civilizations consist of three main cultures, Maya, Aztec, and Inca. All three cultures built powerful civilizations through the use of a traditional economy and limited trade Traditional economies rely on farming and very simple barter trading. Task: complete page 16 in the review packet