Northern English Colonies Roots and Colonization

Discord in England Thought the Church of England was corrupt and needed purified from within, they stayed members. John Winthrop 1630 Massachusetts Bay 1000 people By 1690 had 90,000 people Royal Charter Thought the Church of England was corrupt and to fix it they needed to separate from the Church. William Bradford Went to Holland first and then to Plymouth in people By 1690 had 7,000 people Mayflower Compact

John WinthropWilliam Bradford

The Pilgrims End their Pilgrimage at Plymouth – Fled to Holland first Left to America to avoid the Dutchification of their kin – Colony begins people, only half were Separatists Got permission to settle in Virginia – missed, maybe on purpose – Mayflower Compact Agreement to form a government based on the majority – Hard times Only 44 of 102 survived the first winter – Economy Fish, fur, timber – Only 7000 people by 1691 – Fled to Holland first Left to America to avoid the Dutchification of their kin – Colony begins people, only half were Separatists Got permission to settle in Virginia – missed, maybe on purpose – Mayflower Compact Agreement to form a government based on the majority – Hard times Only 44 of 102 survived the first winter – Economy Fish, fur, timber – Only 7000 people by 1691

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth – Charles I dismissed parliament 1629 began persecuting Puritans Puritans got charter to start Mass Bay – Sizable start 1,000 settlers arrived in 1630 – Great Migration 1630’s 70,000 leave England 20,000 go to Mass Bay Most go to Barbados – Who Came? Puritans Families Fairly wealthy, educated – Charles I dismissed parliament 1629 began persecuting Puritans Puritans got charter to start Mass Bay – Sizable start 1,000 settlers arrived in 1630 – Great Migration 1630’s 70,000 leave England 20,000 go to Mass Bay Most go to Barbados – Who Came? Puritans Families Fairly wealthy, educated

Building the Bay Colony

Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth – Religious dissension Quakers – Flogged, fined, even hung Anne Hutchinson – Antinomianism » Living holy didn’t mean you were saved – Direct revelation from God – Banished Roger Williams – Salem Minister – Separatist – Separation of Church and State – Banished – Religious dissension Quakers – Flogged, fined, even hung Anne Hutchinson – Antinomianism » Living holy didn’t mean you were saved – Direct revelation from God – Banished Roger Williams – Salem Minister – Separatist – Separation of Church and State – Banished

The Rhode Island “Sewer” – Founded by Roger Williams in 1636 – Religious Freedom – No state supported church – More liberal than any English settlement – Simple manhood suffrage – Individualistic and independent “the traditional home of the otherwise minded” – Founded by Roger Williams in 1636 – Religious Freedom – No state supported church – More liberal than any English settlement – Simple manhood suffrage – Individualistic and independent “the traditional home of the otherwise minded”

Puritan Versus Indians – Before the Separatists arrived in 1620 Indians were hit with a smallpox epidemic Killed more than ¾ of the population Left fields vacant and ready for planting – Local Indians (Wampanoag) originally befriended the settlers (Thanksgiving) – 1637 Pequot War English wiped out the Pequot Indians – Praying Towns Villages where Christian Indians settled in the colonies – King Philip’s War Metacom (King Philip) created an Indian alliance against English Hundreds died, Metacom killed, slowed the westward expansion of the Mass colonies for years – Before the Separatists arrived in 1620 Indians were hit with a smallpox epidemic Killed more than ¾ of the population Left fields vacant and ready for planting – Local Indians (Wampanoag) originally befriended the settlers (Thanksgiving) – 1637 Pequot War English wiped out the Pequot Indians – Praying Towns Villages where Christian Indians settled in the colonies – King Philip’s War Metacom (King Philip) created an Indian alliance against English Hundreds died, Metacom killed, slowed the westward expansion of the Mass colonies for years

Dutch Residues in New York – Surrounded by English colonists English saw the Dutch as intruders – Duke of York is granted the area by Charles II – York sends a fleet to oust the Dutch and they surrender without firing a shot – Area remained autocratic, aristocratic – Dutch left behind names, games, social customs, etc Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, skating, golf, etc – Surrounded by English colonists English saw the Dutch as intruders – Duke of York is granted the area by Charles II – York sends a fleet to oust the Dutch and they surrender without firing a shot – Area remained autocratic, aristocratic – Dutch left behind names, games, social customs, etc Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, skating, golf, etc

Penn’s Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania – Society of Friends—Quakers Wouldn’t pay taxes to the Anglican Church No paid clergy Everyone could participate in congregations No oaths—test oaths to prove not Catholic Refused military service William Penn converted in 1660 – Penn gets land grant in 1681 King owed his father money – Pennsylvania Best advertised colony England, Netherlands, France, Germany Liberal land policy—cheap – Brought in a lot of people – Society of Friends—Quakers Wouldn’t pay taxes to the Anglican Church No paid clergy Everyone could participate in congregations No oaths—test oaths to prove not Catholic Refused military service William Penn converted in 1660 – Penn gets land grant in 1681 King owed his father money – Pennsylvania Best advertised colony England, Netherlands, France, Germany Liberal land policy—cheap – Brought in a lot of people

Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors – Squatters along the Delaware River Made settling the area easier – Penn bought the land from the Indians Peaceful relations by the Quakers Non Quakers ruined the peace on the frontier – Unusually liberal No tax supported church Representative assembly However no Catholics or Jews allowed to vote No military No immigration restrictions Disliked slavery – Ethnic and religious mix Misfits expelled from New England Germans, Scots-Irish, English, French – Neighbors Delaware and New Jersey – Established in large part by Quakers – Very similar to Pennsylvania – Squatters along the Delaware River Made settling the area easier – Penn bought the land from the Indians Peaceful relations by the Quakers Non Quakers ruined the peace on the frontier – Unusually liberal No tax supported church Representative assembly However no Catholics or Jews allowed to vote No military No immigration restrictions Disliked slavery – Ethnic and religious mix Misfits expelled from New England Germans, Scots-Irish, English, French – Neighbors Delaware and New Jersey – Established in large part by Quakers – Very similar to Pennsylvania

The Middle way in the Middle Colonies – New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania – Certain common features Fertile soil—bread colonies Broad slow rivers Large amount of industry Good harbors pushed commerce Landholdings were medium in size Population was the most ethnically mixed Religious toleration – New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania – Certain common features Fertile soil—bread colonies Broad slow rivers Large amount of industry Good harbors pushed commerce Landholdings were medium in size Population was the most ethnically mixed Religious toleration