Consider: What do you think are the most important “ends”, or purposes of government? What does government do that it shouldn’t? Homework: Assignment 2 – Wednesday Collaborize - Thursday

Who governs (power), and to what ends (purpose)? Politics exists because people differ about these two great questions: – Who governs (power)?: those who govern will affect us – To what ends (purpose)?: tell how gov’t affects our lives; what it does. – “You cannot always predict what goals government will establish knowing only who governs, nor can you always tell who governs by knowing what activities government undertakes.” - - Wilson, pg. 4 Can you think of examples where this is true? On a basic level, for any society, what will determine who governs?

Power What is power? – What are some of the different ways that people exercise power? Authority is power based on a general agreement: – A) that a person or group has the right to issue certain sorts of commands and – B) that those commands should be obeyed. Who has power in our society? Who has authority? What is the difference? – Forbes Most Powerful List Forbes Most Powerful List In a democracy, what is the right to use power based on?

Legitimacy What is legitimacy? – the mass feeling that the governmental authority is rightful and should be obeyed. Disagreeing with a policy or a politician and believing in a lack of legitimacy of the government are two different things. – Legitimacy is mostly achieved through results, tradition, identity, fear, or procedures. What makes democratic governments legitimate? What is the ultimate source of governmental legitimacy in the United States? – What is one problem with Constitutional legitimacy? According to Locke, what is the sole purpose of a legitimate government?

Locke and the Ends of Government Of the Ends of Political Society and Government Sec IF man in the state of nature be so free, …why will he part with his freedom? …To which it is obvious to answer, that though in the state of nature he hath such a right, yet the enjoyment of it is very uncertain, and constantly exposed to the invasion of others: …This makes him willing to quit a condition, which, however free, is full of fears and continual dangers: and …join in society with others,… for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties and … property. Sec The great and chief end, therefore, of men's uniting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the preservation of their property. Does Locke’s idea of the “end of government” still ring true today?

How far can “legitimate” government go? “But though men, when they enter into society, give up the equality, liberty, and executive power they had in the state of nature, into the hands of the society, the power of the society, or legislative…, can never be supposed to extend farther, than the common good; but is obliged to secure every one's property, by providing against those three defects (of the SoN, i.e., lack of settled laws, executors of the law, and impartial judges) above mentioned, that made the state of nature so unsafe and uneasy.” - - Locke’s 2 nd Treatise

Which might be considered “legitimate” uses of governmental power? Limiting the amount of gas you can use during a fuel crisis? Requiring all citizens to carry a national ID card? Banning smoking in restaurants and bars? Requiring higher fuel economy standards on cars produced in 2013? Providing health care to children? To adults?