Introduction to Cells How we study cells: Two basic types: microscope

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Presentation transcript:

Introduction to Cells How we study cells: Two basic types: microscope *Transmission (TEM) *Scanning (SEM) microscope *Electron microscope *magnification *resolving power *Light microscope

How we study cells: Cell fractionation:

A view of the cell: *All cells are membrane bound, possess ribosomes and contain DNA 1. plasma membrane Red blood cell outside of cell inside of cell

A view of the cell: 2. All cells possess ribosomes Large Subunit Ribosomes Small Subunit 3. All cells contain DNA *Two categories of cells: prokaryotic eukaryotic *Additional components of any cell: cytoplasm cytosol

A view of the prokaryotic cell: Kingdom Monera – archaebacteria and eubacteria *plasma membrane *ribosomes *nucleoid *cell wall *capsule *pili

A view of the eukaryotic cell: Elaborately compartmentalized systems *Generalized animal cell *Generalized plant cell

A view of the eukaryotic cell: nucleus *nucleolus chromatin nucleolus *chromatin outer membrane inner membrane *nuclear lamina nuclear lamina pore complex nuclear envelope

endoplasmic reticulum A view of the eukaryotic cell: ribosomes *free *membrane-bound endoplasmic reticulum free bound endomembrane system *vesicles

A view of the eukaryotic cell: endoplasmic reticulum cisteranl space cisternae smooth ER rough ER

Protein Synthesis on the Rough ER

transport vesicle from ER A view of the eukaryotic cell: Golgi apparatus cisternae cis face transport vesicle from ER *transport vesicle trans face

A view of the eukaryotic cell: Lysosome

A view of the eukaryotic cell: Vacuoles Paramecium - osmoregulation Review: endomembrane system

A view of the eukaryotic cell: Other membranous organelles: mitochondria and chloroplasts *peroxisomes

Evolution of Membrane-bound Organelles

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