Earth’s Layers TheoriesBoundariesEarthquakesVolcanoesOther

Label the following diagram of the Earth’s layers. 100

Complete the sentence with the correct word. Most of the Earth’s mass is found in the ____________. Mantle 200

True or False: The Earth has grown over hundreds of millions of years. False. The earth has stayed the same size. However, the Atlantic Ocean is growing because the seafloor is spreading. 300

400 Earth’s outer core is made of: a.A very thick solid b.A very thick liquid c.Partly melted rock d.Combination of oxygen & other materials b. A very thick liquid

500 Explain what convection is and where it happens. Convection occurs in the mantle. When the thick liquid part of the mantle is heated it becomes lighter and floats above cooler liquid. As it rises it cools and becomes heavier. Then it sinks and is replaced by more hot liquid rising above it. This liquid again cools and sinks while being replaces. This transfer of thermal energy creates a current of movement and causes the plates floating on top of the mantle to move.

100 The theory that continents drifted apart in the past and continues to do so today was called the _________________ _________________ ______________. Continental Drift Theory Daily Double Question!!!

What was the man’s name who thought of the Continental Drift Theory? Alfred Wagener 100

200 What is Pangea and how does it relate to the Continental Drift Theory? This relates to the Continental Drift theory because Wagener believed the continents used to be one land mass before they drifted apart to where they are today. Pangea is what Alfred Wagener named the large land mass that was when the Continents were all together.

300 The theory that the Earth’s lithosphere is broken into about twenty moving plates is called _____________ ____________ Plate Tectonics

400 What force causes earth’s tectonic plates to move? Convection in the mantle

500 Explain the difference between the Continental Drift Theory and the theory of Plate Tectonics. Continental Drift Theory said that the continents drifted apart over time, but it could not explain how this could happen. The theory of Plate Tectonics explains this movement by explaining that the earth’s lithosphere is split into about 20 tectonic plates that continuously move away from, into, and next to each other causing the continents to move.

100 An area where plates meet is called a ___________ ______________ Plate Boundary

200 This boundary is formed when plates move away from each other, forming a gap. Daily Double!!! Spreading Boundary

300 Formed when plates slide past each other. Fracture Boundary

400 Formed when two plates push against each other. Colliding Boundary

500 Name the three kinds of boundaries we studied AND the landforms or reactions that happen at each boundary. Colliding Boundary – Forms Mountains and Volcanoes Spreading Boundary – Forms trenches, ridges, volcanoes, and valleys Fracture Boundary – Causes earthquakes

Describe Seafloor Spreading

100 The instrument that detects ground movement as it occurs is called a _____________________ Seismograph

200 Most earthquakes occur at what kind of boundary? Fracture Boundary

300 What is the name for the scale that shows the magnitude of an Earthquake? Richter Scale

400 A break in the earth’s crust at a boundary where plates slide past each other is called a ______________. Fault

500 Describe how/why an earthquake occurs. Sudden shifting of rock as tectonic plates shift positions.

100 Most Volcanoes form at what kind of boundary? Colliding Boundary

200 Most volcanoes are located on the ____________ ____________. Ocean Floor

300 Most volcanoes are located at a colliding boundary. Those that are not found at a boundary are found on a ___________ ____________. Hot Spot

400 Explain how volcanoes are formed.

500 Hot melted rock is called _____________ when it is still underground. Once it comes out of the volcano it is called _________________. Magma Lava

100 The temperature of earth’s core is very ____________. HOT

200 True or False: Tectonic plates are pushed together under the Pacific Ocean. True

300 The crust and the upper part of the mantle form the __________________. Lithosphere

400 Geysers Magma can become trapped in the lithosphere where it heats water. In some places, the steam spews from the crust. These places are called _____________________.

500 Pretend you have a friend who does not believe that continental drift happens. Name three pieces of evidence that prove the continents have moved away from each other. Animals and plant species (alive) The continents fit together Fossils found of ancient animals