Chapter 26 Section 1 Study Guide Democratic Activism and Reform

Britain Adopts Democratic Reforms Big Picture: Urbanization & industrialization brought big changes –Pollution –Slums –Long hours –Dangerous work conditions Reformers call for improvements for workers & the poor Political reform: –Wanted to reform Britain's constitutional monarchy to make it more democratic

Political Reforms in Great Britain Reform Bill of 1832 –Gave many middle class Englishmen the vote –Gave cities representation in Parliament By 1884, almost all adult males could vote Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), 1903 –rallies, parades, hunger strikes –Post-World War I, women get vote in Britain & U.S.

Great Britain = the United Kingdom The UK: –England –Wales –Scotland –Northern Ireland

God Save the Queen Queen Elizabeth II is the monarch –Her husband is Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh –Her son is Prince Charles, the Prince of Wales –His sons are Prince William & Prince Harry Prince William, #2 in line Prince Harry, #3 in line Prince Charles, #1 in line Her Majesty the Queen Philip, the Prince Consort

The PM Gordon Brown is Prime Minister PM's residence: –10 Downing Street aka #10 Two main parties: Labour & Conservative

The British Parliament House of Commons –Elected by the British people –Voting districts = "boroughs" The House of Lords –Some inherited seats –Some appointed seats –British nobility –Leaders of the Anglican Church –Judges

Summing Up Slowly, slowly in the UK & the US: –Workers got more rights (unions, bargaining) –Gov't put limits on businesses, corporations –Each system grew more truly democratic All adult males got right to vote (though African- Americans were still discriminated against and in many cases prevented from voting) Women's rights came much later –Progress was evolutionary, not revolutionary

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->>

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->> LegislativeExecutiveJudicial Executive LegislativeJudicial

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->> Executive The President Executive The Prime Minister Judicial (+) President must compromise with Congress (-) Can lead to "gridlock" when Democrat & Republican leaders won't compromise (+) "winner take all system" with decisive elections i.e. either Democrats or Republicans will control the Legislative & Executive branches (-) Small political parties (e.g. Green Party) have no real chance of winning control of House, Senate or Presidency (+) In theory, PM & Parliament will cooperate because the majority party controls both the Legislative and the Executive branches Legislative Congress - House of R. - Senate Legislative Parliament - Commons - Lords

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->> Legislative Congress - House of R. - Senate Legislative Parliament - Commons - Lords Judicial (+) President must compromise with Congress (-) Can lead to "gridlock" when Democrat & Republican leaders won't compromise (+) "winner take all system" with decisive elections i.e. either Democrats or Republicans will control the Legislative & Executive branches (-) Small political parties (e.g. Green Party) have no real chance of winning control of House, Senate or Presidency (+) In theory, PM & Parliament will cooperate because the majority party controls both the Legislative and the Executive branches (+/-) Coalition governments are possible Executive The President Executive The Prime Minister

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->> Legislative Congress - House of R. - Senate Legislative Parliament - Commons - Lords Judicial (+) President must compromise with Congress (-) Can lead to "gridlock" when Democrat & Republican leaders won't compromise (+) "winner take all system" with decisive elections i.e. either Democrats or Republicans will control the Legislative & Executive branches (-) Small political parties (e.g. Green Party) have no real chance of winning control of House, Senate or Presidency (+) In theory, PM & Parliament will cooperate because the majority party controls both the Legislative and the Executive branches (+/-) Coalition governments are possible (+) little parties can have a voice Executive The Prime Minister Executive The President

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->> Legislative Congress - House of R. - Senate Legislative Parliament - Commons - Lords Executive Judicial (+) President must compromise with Congress (-) Can lead to "gridlock" when Democrat & Republican leaders won't compromise (+) "winner take all system" with decisive elections i.e. either Democrats or Republicans will control the Legislative & Executive branches (-) Small political parties (e.g. Green Party) have no real chance of winning control of House, Senate or Presidency (+) In theory, PM & Parliament will cooperate because the majority party controls both the Legislative and the Executive branches (+/-) Coalition governments are possible (+) little parties can have a voice (-) little parties can have too much voice Executive The President

U.S.-style democratic systemBritish-style “parliamentary democracy” Voters “Differences between U.S. and Parliamentary Democracy” >>--- a Western Tradition™Prod’n -->> Legislative Congress - House of R. - Senate Legislative Parliament - Commons - Lords Executive Judicial (+) President must compromise with Congress (-) Can lead to "gridlock" when Democrat & Republican leaders won't compromise (+) "winner take all system" with decisive elections i.e. either Democrats or Republicans will control the Legislative & Executive branches (-) Small political parties (e.g. Green Party) have no real chance of winning control of House, Senate or Presidency (+) In theory, PM & Parliament will cooperate because the majority party controls both the Legislative and the Executive branches (+/-) Coalition governments are possible (+) little parties can have a voice (-) little parties can have too much voice (-) coalitions can be "shaky" and unstable, resulting in frequent elections aka "revolving door government" (e.g. Italy) Executive The President

+/- of each system U.S. StyleParliamentary style