SESSION 2: SETTING PRIORITIES – SITUATION ANALYSIS

Phase 2. Priority setting and validation

Plenary discussion– How to ensure strategic focus – i.e. prioritize at the country level ? “If Country Offices asked you to provide them the tips on how to prioritize, what would be your advice”

Phase 2. Setting priorities What: identify strategic areas where FAO should focus its support to the country - Priority Matrix How:  Situation Analysis – scope (background work; focus)  Assessment of Comparative Advantages – new SF/RF  Prioritization – focus – fewer number of priorities and outcomes Principles: Alignment Complementarity/synergy Strategic direction Strategic component of CPF document

Country analysis for UNDAF WHAT’S NEW? COUNTRY ANALYSIS – The Common Country Assessment (CCA) is no longer mandatory (FAO supported this change) and the UNCT can choose among 3 options:  Contribute to government-led analysis  Support targeted studies  Full CCA

CPF prioritization process Key challenges Strategic areas for FAO intervention CPF Priority areas Underlying cause/effects for specific challenges CPF Outcomes & outputs Priority Matrix Results Matrix Situation analysis Comparative Advantage assessment & Option Analysis Priorities Stakeholders Capacity Global – Stated CA Actual - Country specific Other criteria Other criteria

… identification of CHALLENGES (WHAT, HOW and WHO) Key challenges Strategic areas for FAO intervention CPF Priority areas Underlying cause/effects for specific challenges CPF Outcomes & outputs

Main elements of Situation Analysis – key questions? National context – main social and economic development challenges and opportunities with implication for agriculture sector and livelihoods Situation and outlook for FS,A, RD – current situation, trends – issues, challenges, opportunities Policy environment - National sector priorities, policies, strategies and programmes addressing the challenges and opportunities National stakeholders and capacity needs at policy, organizational and individual level Data and monitoring mechanism to measure progress

National context – what, how and who ? WHAT: Macro trends and challenges TIPS Economy 1.Positioning of the country (low income, etc.), food deficit country, general trends of the economy (GDP, employment, budget situation, indebtness, exchange rates and trade). 1.Sectoral performance and trends (GDP, employment rates, agricultural trade, main trade partners, etc) Demography Trends in population, urban/rural, by gender and age, migrations, etc. Institutions and governance Government stability, line agricultural ministries, structure of the agricultural sector (dual, smallholders vs large scale farms, representativity of farmers, land tenure, etc.), national capacities Technology ICT, R&D, level of absorption and potential Risk assessment Sources and frequency of risks. Coping mechanisms. How well is the country equiped to address risks. SWOT table

Policy context: what, how and who? WHAT: Policy context TIPS Development plans Identification of rel. nat. programing frameworks and plans (including UNDAF) identification of rel. dev. objectives and priorities of countries; Analyse consistency with challenges identify possible gaps; identify country priorities relevant to FAO mandated areas Policy decisions Review policy decisions (FAPDA), analyse their overall consistency with the development objectives, identify gaps International committments Including FAO Mapping of country priorities

Capacity Assessment – building block See: CPF tool 3. pg5 11 DimensionsCapacity areas Policy enabling Environment Policy and legal frameworks Economic framework and national public sector budget... International political commitments Organizations (public, private, CSO…) Which ministries are involved? Technical capacity? Is institutional knowledge sufficient in ARD? Practical experience? Individuals Skills levels (what skills are found in ARD sector, opportunities for their better preparation, …)

Questions so far ?

Activity 1: Review of a country example 1.Review of a the situation analysis of Ethiopia (pg.xxx) 2.Assess to what extent the key criteria (elements) are addressed ? See page. CPF guide for the main elements (Pg. X French; Pg. X English version)

Activity 1: Main elements of Situation Analysis National context – main social and economic development challenges and opportunities with implication for agriculture sector and livelihoods Situation and outlook for FS,A, RD – current situation, trends – issues, challenges, opportunities Policy environment - National sector priorities, policies, strategies and programmes addressing the challenges and opportunities National stakeholders and capacity needs at policy, organizational and individual level Data and monitoring mechanism to measure progress

How to select a challenge ?

Activity 2. … country context On the basis of your knowledge in the country, existing NMTPF, draft CPF, or UNDAF identify list of challenges and opportunities pertinent to FAOs mandate (up to 5)

Activity 2. How do we prioritize our challenges?

 Preferably emerge from a dialogue with the national stakeholders  Not imposed, yet some suggested for consideration High priority – key strategic areas 2.High priority, although low likelihood for RM 3.Moderate priority – not Gvt priority 4.Low priority – no CA, no capacity Enabling conditions and capacities for achieving the results Likelihood of sustainability Ability to produce the highest level of impact Contribution to the MDGs/IADGs Prioritization process - Criteria

CPF priority matrix – template CPF prioritiesRelevant national priorities FAO Regiona/Subre gional priorities Relevant UNDAF priorities Other nationa/region al frameworks CPF priority 1…

CAUSES EFFECTS Focal Problem Developing the Problem Tree Turning the problem into a positive statement can give the outcome or impact Addressing the causes can identify possible outputs and activities Addressing the effects identifies possible indicators But why? So what

Challenge: High prevalence of food insecurity Poor capacity of extension Workers Poor capacity of extension Workers Policy and legal framework Budgetary allocations Policy and legal framework Budgetary allocations Poor agricultural production and productivity Decreased Government Budget Skills level of extension staff Dependency on rain fed cultivation Inefficient irrigation system Policy enabling environment Organizations Individuals Institutional motivation – how active they are? Operational capacity of ext. units Institutional motivation – how active they are? Operational capacity of ext. units Situation analysis KEY MESSAGES

Activity 3. … identify causes and effects of the selected challenge Use your CPF toolkit as reference – Tool 2. Cause and effect analysis, pg.3 Tool 3. Capacity assessment, pg.5 Build a problem tree

CAUSES (But why?) EFFECTS (So what?) Increased Agricultural Productivity Low capacity of Extension Workers Soil Erosion National policy not evidence- based Limited Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Limited Access to Land Limited Market Low Income Low Export Limited Access to Value Chains and Technologies Weak Statistics System Low Govt. Budget Malnutrition Demand exceeds Supply Increased Poverty Low GDP Growth A problem tree 26 No Access to Finance

Possible Objectives Possible Indicators Increased Agricultural Productivity Build capacity of Extensio n Workers Support Evidence Based Policy Build Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Land Tenure Regularizati on Improved Market Access Higher Income High Export Improve Statistics System Inject into Govt. Revenue Improved Nutrition Increased Supply Reduced Poverty Increased GDP Growth An Objective Tree Provide Access to Finance

Increased Agricultural Productivity Build capacity of Extension Workers Reduce Soil Erosion Support Evidence Based Policy Build Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Provide Access to Finance Increase Access to Value Chains and Technologies Land Tenure Regularization Improve Statistics System Inject into Govt. Revenue Degree of fit with higher plans/Core Functions What are others doing? FAO comparative advantage and capacity? Alignment with FAO ORs Alignment with country priorities? Risks and assumptions? Who is at risk? Degree of fit with higher plans/Core Functions What are others doing? FAO comparative advantage and capacity? Alignment with FAO ORs Alignment with country priorities? Risks and assumptions? Who is at risk? Use objective criteria to analyse which objectives ‘root’ to prioritise Feasibility? Social criteria Technical Institutional Economic & Financial Environmental Feasibility? Social criteria Technical Institutional Economic & Financial Environmental Options Analysis 28

Formulating Results Chain 29 Objectives Selected after Prioritisation Refined Results Chain Increased Agricultural Productivity CPF Outcome 1: Smallholder Commercialization Programme (SCP) is supported to improve productivity and processing Build Capacity of Extension Workers Output 1.1 Technical capacity of the agriculture sector staff at central and district level is strengthened. Improve Statistics System Output 1.2 A system for the collection, analysis and use of agricultural statistics (including fisheries, livestock, land and forestry) for policy making is improved. Increase Access to Value Chains and Technologies Output 1.3 Access to agro-services and value chain development improved Build Knowledge of Farmers on Marketing Output 1.4 Farmers know how for processing and marketing of agricultural and fisheries/aquaculture products is improved

Session 3 – Day 2 From Setting Priorities to Programming for Results

Phase Continued – Comparative Advantage analysis

Comparative Advantages Mandate to act FAO Global Goals FAO Strategic Objectives/ORs Core Functions Strategic Priorities KEY QUESTIONS? Does it contribute FAO global goals? Does it fall under the areas that the members want FAO to focus on SO and ORs that FAO committed to achieve? Does it require application of FAOs core functions which are recognized FAO comparative advantages?

Comparative Advantages Actual CA at country level Mandate to act Capacity to act Position to act FAO Global Goals FAO Strategic Objectives/ORs Core Functions Resources Influence Partnerships Revealed CA Perceived CA Gaps Strategic Priorities Operational Priorities Tip: Use this methodology and results to discuss comparative advantages with UNCT in UNDAF process

Assessing FAO positioning in the country – Portfolio review To assess FAO positioning in the country, identify areas of performance and draw forward looking lessons on how to improve FAO delivery in country. Portfolio analysis : analysis of the information on the status and evolution/ trend of FAO portfolio. ( number of projects, amount of budget, delivery, breakdown by technical divisions source of funds, by resources partners). (from FPMIS) Analysis of the performance in terms of status of implementation and achievements of expected key results of the completed and on-going projects, lessons learned. (from progress reports, evaluation reports). – Comparison vs other partners involved in the same areas of intervention of FAO : size and type and performance of FAO intervention vs other partners ) (from ADAM – resource partners matrix, profiles, government reports, partners reports, other) - Partners feed back on FAO country performance (surveys, external country assessment)

Questions so far...