1a) What other characteristics can usually be used to determine an inorganic molecule vs. an organic molecule? A: Organic molecules: i) are made of Carbon AND Hydrogen ii) usually involve COVALENT Bonds iii) Inorganic usually have ionic bonds (except w Ater)

B) Water is made of H 2 0 so it has hydrogen BUT no Carbon! C) Water involves COVALENT BONDs

A. Universal Solvent- can dissolve more material (solutes) into it than any other solvent, dissolves other polar molecules very well! Significance - water is needed for chemical reactions inside cells to build and break down molecules (cellular metabolism) B. Temperature Regulator- due to H bonds can absorb heat with little temperature change Significance - maintain internal temperature at 37C & cool via sweating

C. Lubricant- prevents surfaces from contacting & reduces friction Significance- tears – lubricate the eyes synovial fluid – lubricates the joints mucus/saliva – lubricates the respiratory and digestive tracts

 Take up extra H+ or OH-  Important to maintain homeostasis › and pH blood at 7.4 › Acidic environment needed in stomach for pepsin

 Carbonic Acid: H 2 C0 3 6a) Show the chemical equation for dissociation and reformation

 Organic › -> made of Carbon and Hydrogen

a) Water- neutral OH = H b) Acids- more H+ c) Bases- more OH- d) pH7.4- slightly basic so slightly more OH-

 Each unit of pH increases or decreases by a multiple of 10 (10 times)  So pH 7 is 10x more basic than pH 6 and pH 8 is 10x more basic than pH 7  To calculate 10 x 10 = 100x more basic

 To Break Up (split apart)  NaOH  Na+ + OH-

 NaOH is a strong base and when it dissociates it releases OH- and is therefore basic

 Neutralization involves an acid and base reacting to form water and a salt  HCl + KOH  H KCl