Unit 4: Cellular Energy Chapter 8 page 216

Autotrophs vs heterotrophs pg. 219 Autotrophs = Make their own food Heterotrophs = Consume their food

What is Metabolism? Page 220 Metabolism : All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism. There are 2 Types of metabolic reactions: » Catabolic » Anabolic

Anabolic : Uses energy released by catabolic pathways to build larger molecules from smaller molecules Ever hear about “Anabolic Steroids” in the news? Building up

Example of Anabolic Reaction: pg 222 Photosynthesis : Two-phase anabolic pathway in which the sun’s light energy is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell. CO 2 + H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Sun Light

Catabolic : Releases energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules. Breaking Down!

Cheese: Cats ripping/breaking down your couch, etc.

Example of Catabolic Reaction: Cellular Respiration : Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP GlucoseOxygen Carbon Dioxide Water Energy

What is Metabolism? The relationship of anabolic and catabolic pathways results in the continual flow of energy within organisms.

Clicker Question #1 The building of materials is called: a. homeostasis b. anabolic c. catabolic d. ATP

Clicker Question #2 Which of the following is an example of an anabolic process? a. photosynthesis b. homeostasis c. cellular respiration d. transpiration

Clicker Question #3 Which of the following are products of photosynthesis? a. Carbon dioxide & water b. Glucose only c. Glucose & carbon dioxide d. Glucose & oxygen

Clicker Question #4 Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? a. Carbon dioxide, water, & ATP b. Glucose & oxygen c. Carbon dioxide & ATP d. Glucose & carbon dioxide

(Aka – Charged Battery) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) : (Aka – Charged Battery) Energy-carrying biological molecule, which, when broken down, drives cellular activities. What is ATP?

ATP is holding the ENERGY in the last phosphate…. What is ATP? When the last phosphate is POPPED off, it releases energy for the cell to use… & turns into ADP Pop off the last one!

What is ATP? ATP holds/stores energy When last phosphate is popped off, ENERGY is RELEASED!

Clicker Question #5 What does ATP do? a. Stores energy b. Gets rid of energy c. Maintains homeostasis d. Breaks down molecules

Clicker Question #6 How does ATP release energy? a. It sells it b. When the bond between the 2 nd & 3 rd phosphate is broken c. When the bond between the 1 st & 2 nd phosphate is broken d. It never releases energy

Clicker Question #7 Once the last phosphate is broken off and energy is released, what does ATP turn into? a. Glucose b. Carbon dioxide c. spongebob d. ADP

Where does ATP come from?

Mitochondria (in plants & animals), break down food (glucose) to make ATP (ENERGY). Where does ATP come from? BUT An animal (consumer) must EAT a plant to get the food (glucose). Where does the food (glucose) come from? What starts the food chain? Photosynthesis in plants

What happens during photosynthesis? * Photosynthesis occurs inside chloroplasts * Chlorophyll is the green coloring inside the chloroplasts that absorb the sunlight CO 2 + H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 Glucose = Food Oxygen Released into the atmosphere Sent to Mitochondria to process it into ENERGY (ATP)

What happens during photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis Video

Clicker Question #8 Where does photosynthesis take place? a. Ribosomes b. Cell membrane c. Mitochondria d. Chloroplasts

Clicker Question #9 During photosynthesis, what is released into the atmosphere? a. Carbon dioxide b. Glucose c. Oxygen d. Water

Clicker Question #10 What is the main purpose for photosynthesis? a. To make carbon dioxide b. To make glucose c. To make oxygen d. To make water

Clicker Question #11 These are found in plants and are used to capture & absorb sunlight: a. Mitochondria b. Chlorophyll c. Ribosomes d. Cell Wall

After photosynthesis, and glucose is made: * In plants…it is sent to the mitochondria * In animals…they must eat the plant and the food is sent to the mitochondria What’s next? Cellular Respiration is next! What’s next?

What are the two types of cellular respiration? Anaerobic: metabolic process without oxygen Aerobic: metabolic process with oxygen Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process…it NEEDS oxygen!

What happens during cellular respiration? C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O + ATP Glucose Broken down Released When you exhale * Aerobic…needs oxygen * Occurs in Mitochondria * Glucose is broken down & ATP molecules are made Released When you exhale Pop the phosphate off releases energy

What happens during cellular respiration? 1 molecule of glucose yields 36 ATP

Cellular Respiration Video

Clicker Question #12 What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? a. To make carbon dioxide b. To make energy c. To make water d. To make glucose

Clicker Question #13 What waste products are released during cellular respiration? a. Carbon dioxide & water b. Glucose & oxygen c. Carbon dioxide & glucose d. Carbon dioxide only

Clicker Question #14 How many ATP are made from 1 molecule of glucose? a. 2 b. 20 c. 26 d. 36

Clicker Question #15 Where does cellular respiration occur? a. Ribosomes b. Chloroplasts c. Mitochondria d. Chlorophyll

Clicker Question #16 What is aerobic? a. A process maintaining balance b. A process that requires oxygen c. A process that does not require oxygen d. A process that makes ATP

There are two types of anaerobic respiration Fermentation: Keep cellular respiration going if there is no or not enough oxygen is available (2 types) 1. Lactic Acid Fermentation: During cellular respiration, if not enough oxygen is present (like during lots of exercise), lactic acid fermentation begins to keep the cycle going. - When lactic acid builds up in muscle cells, the muscles become sore. - Many microbes use this process and are used to make cheese, yogurt, and sour cream.

Lactic acid Video…silly but “on point”

There are two types of anaerobic respiration 2. Alcohol Fermentation: Occurs in yeast and some bacteria when oxygen is not available to create….. Alcohol Rotting fruit can also ferment…creating alcohol

Clicker Question #17 Lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body does not get enough: a. Protein b. Energy c. Oxygen d. Carbon Dioxide

Clicker Question #18 Lactic acid causes: a. Glucose to be the product b. Energy to be released c. The making of alcohol d. Muscle soreness

Clicker Question #19 Lactic acid fermentation & alcohol fermentation are examples of: a. Homeostasis b. Catabolic reactions c. Aerobic processes d. Anaerobic processes

Clicker Question #20 The following equation represents: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP a. Homeostasis b. Photosynthesis c. Cellular Respiration d. None of the above

The End