UNIT 02 MATTER

A. CLASSIFYING MATTER Matter is anything that has a mass and volume. Mass is the amount of matter the object contains. Examples of things that are not matter:  Light, energy and heat Which has more matter?  The golf ball or the ping pong ball?

Matter can be divided into pure and impure particle arrangement- A substance is anything that contains only one type of matter. A mixture is physical blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. A. Classifying Matter

Element  The simplest forms of matter.  Composed of identical atoms  Located on the periodic table  ex: copper wire, aluminum foil A. Classifying Matter

Compound  composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio  properties differ from those of individual elements  EX: table salt (NaCl), water (H 2 O ) A. Classifying Matter

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities. 1. Homogenous mixture – composition of the mixture is the same throughout. Cannot be separated by physical means (Also called a SOLUTION) 2. Heterogeneous mixture – composition is not uniform throughout. Can be separated by physical means A. Classifying Matter

B. MATTER FLOWCHART MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element MIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCE yes no Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Is the composition uniform? noyes

Determine if each drawing represents a mixture, a compound, or an element. Classifying Matter

ANSWERS TO THE CLASSIFYING MATTER ACTIVITY Water & Food Coloring – Rock Salt (NaCl)- Beans- Acetic Acid (CH 3 COOH)- Sulfur (S)- Soap- Oil & Water- Tin (Sn) – Oil & Food Coloring – Sugar (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) – Brass (Alloy of Cu & Zn)- Salt Water- Element Compound Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous mixture Compound Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture Element Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

B. STATES OF MATTER There are four states of matter 1. Solids – Very low KE – only vibrate in place – atoms are packed together in fixed, orderlypositions – strong intermolecular forces between atoms – Definite shape – Definite volume

2. Liquids  Low KE - particles can move around but are still close together  Weak intermolecular forces  Indefinite shape – takes the shape of the container  Definite volume B. States of Matter

3. Gases  High KE - particles are far apart and move quickly  No intermolecular forces  Indefinite shape  Indefinite volume B. States of Matter

4. Plasma  high temperature state in which atoms lose their electrons  Ex. the sun B. States of Matter

CHANGES OF STATE Melting – solid to liquid Freezing - liquid to solid Vaporization – liquid to gas Condensation – gas to liquid Sublimation – solid to gas or gas to solid

STATES OF MATTER Name: _______________________ Period: _________ SolidLiquidGas Shape Volume Attractive Forces Expansion Compressibility Atom Movement In each box draw the molecules of that state of matter. For each arrow, label the change of state that occurs. (Note: there are 6 arrows total!)

CHANGES OF STATE The same substance can transform into each state of matter by increasing or decreasing in energy. Sublimation Deposition Melting Vaporization Freezing Condensation

MATTER AND CHANGE Property SolidLiquidGas ShapeDefiniteIndefinite VolumeDefinite Indefinite Attractive ForcesStrongWeakNone ExpansionVery slightModerateGreat CompressibilityAlmost none Readily Atom MovementVibrationFlowingFree