Lesson 1 February 24 th, 2011

 Matter – anything that has mass and volume.  Mass is a measure of the quantity of an object. (g, kg,)  Volume is a measure of space taken up (mL, L)  Matter can be found as a solid, liquid or gas. (or even a combination of these)

 There are 3 states of matter  Solid  Liquid  gas

 Melting – Change from a solid to a liquid  Evaporation - Change from a liquid to a gas  Condensation - Change from a gas to a liquid  Freezing - Change from a liquid to a solid  Sublimation - Change from a solid to a gas  Deposition - Change from a gas to a solid

 The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid is called the melting point. (water is 0°C) The reverse process, freezing, occurs at the freezing point.

 the temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas is called the boiling point. The boiling point is the same temperature as the condensing point, the temperature at which a gas changes into a liquid

 Way of describing matter. 1. All matter is composed of very tiny objects called particles. 2. Each Pure substance has its own kind of particles, different from the particles of other pure substances.

3. Particles present in matter are always in motion. They may be vibrating back and forth, as in a solid, or moving in all directions, as in a gas. In a liquid, particles stay close together but can slide past one another. 4. The particles in a substance attract each other. The amount of attraction is different for different kinds of particles. All particles have spaces between them.

 The distances between the particles change for different states of matter.

 In ice, the particles of water vibrate in place but cannot move around. They attract each other strongly, forming a solid.  As heat is added, the particles of water vibrate more quickly, which weakens the attraction between them, allowing them to slide past each other.

 This allows water to flow as a liquid. When enough heat is added, the particles of water break free from each other and separate, forming a gas.

 All matter is made up of different types or combinations of particles.  Different types and combinations of particles give every type of matter particular characteristics, or properties.  Characteristic that describes a substance.

Matter Pure Substances ElementCompoundMixture Mechanical Mixture SuspensionSolution

A pure substance is made up of only one kind of matter  unique set of properties  colour, hardness, boiling point, and melting point.  A pure substance is either an element (gold) or a compound (sugar).

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance by chemical means.  Each element has its own name and symbol. Example: Gold (Au)

 A pure substance that is made from two or more elements that are combined together chemically.  Example, water (H 2 O) is a compound containing the elements hydrogen and oxygen.

 A mixture is a combination of pure substances.  Each substance remains in its original, pure form, although each is not always easy to see distinctly once the mixture is made.

 Different substances that make up the mixture are visible  Hetero = different

 A cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of one substance are held within another.  Can be separated out when the mixture is poured through filter paper.  A suspension is also a heterogeneous mixture.

 Different substances that make it up are not individually visible  One substance is dissolved in another  The prefix “homo-” means same, and all parts of a homogeneous mixture look the same.

 1. How is a compound different from an element? Give an example of each.  2. What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?  3. How is a suspension different from a solution?  4. Classify each of the following as either a pure substance or a mixture.  (a) Pop is composed of water, sugar, and carbon dioxide.  (b) Carbon dioxide is composed of carbon and oxygen chemically  combined.  (c) Sand is composed of white grains and black grains.  (d) The graphite at the centre of a pencil is composed of carbon.

1. What are two features that all forms of matter have? 2. Use the particle theory of matter to explain what makes a liquid different from a solid of the same substance. 3. Compare the amount of space between particles of a gas with that of a liquid of the same substance. 4. What is the effect of adding heat to the particles in a sample of matter? 5. What is the difference between the melting of water and the melting point of water? 6. Give two examples of pure substances that were not given in the lesson.

7. Give two examples of Mixtures that were not given in the lesson. 8. What kind of mixture would apple juice is classified as? Explain how you know. 9. What kind of mixture would a garden salad is classified as? 10. How does a compound differ from an element? 11. What does WHMIS stand for? 12. What does HHPS stand for? It was in the lesson but is not in the note.