Daily Forecast 1.What is matter 2. What is the basic building block of matter and what is its structure? 3.What is a substance and its different types 4.What is a mixture and its different types 5.What are the differences between a compound and a mixture

Energy and Matter Chapter 7 Lesson 1 Mr. Nigh Science 7

Matter has mass and volume Matter-anything that has mass and takes up space Matter- is made up of small particles known as atoms Not everything is matter. Light and sound do not take up space or have mass Fire has mass A state of matter Known as plasma

ATOMS Smallest Basic building blocks of all things

Atoms are small, the diameter of the human hair is a million times greater than the diameter of an atom A Human Hair magnified 500 times

The Parts of an Atom The center of an atom is the nucleus The nucleus is made up of Protons which have a positive charge and Neutrons which have a neutral charge. Electrons revolve around the nucleus and have a negative charge

Two main classifications of matter Substances And Mixtures

A Substance is matter with a composition that is always the same. aluminum watersugar

A substance that consists of just one type of atom is an Element Carbon Mercury Gold

The Periodic Table of Elements created by Dimitri Mendeleev

Compounds  Compounds are substances that consist of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together Water is a Compound made from hydrogen and oxygen atoms chemically bonded Irrigation for crops

Compounds have formulas H 2 O is the chemical formula for water NaCl is the chemical formula for salt salt hydrogen oxygen

 Salt is a compound that has very different properties then the elements that combine to form it  Sodium Na and Chloride Cl are poisonous by themselves sodium These soft, silvery sodium chunks were cut with a knife and stored under oil. In air they turn white in seconds; exposed to water they generate hydrogen gas and explode in flaming balls of molten sodium.

 But when combined, they create a compound (table salt) that is safe to eat

Mixtures  A mixture is a combination of different substances that remain the same individual substances and can be separated by physical means  For example: a fruit salad is not a different kind of fruit, the parts can be separated by physical means

Fresh Fruit Salad

Parts of mixtures can be the same or different throughout Soil Several handfuls of soil may have different properties in different parts of your backyard The soil in the yard is thus an example of a heterogeneous mixture, different properties in different parts of the mixture

Soil Layers

You know the color and flavoring in Kool-aid are there because you can see and taste them

Kool-aid One drop of the liquid Kool-aid is essentially the same as another drop This is an example of a homogenous mixture A homogenous mixture is also known as a solution

Important Terms Dissolve – form a solution by breaking down a solute evenly Solute – a substance that is dissolved into another substance Solvent – a substance that dissolves another substance evenly

Comparing Mixtures and Compounds  Substances in mixtures remain the same, in compounds new substances are formed by atoms that bond together oxygen hydrogen water

Proportions in mixtures vary, compounds are fixed because the type and number of atoms are always the same

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, compounds only by breaking chemical bonds Fruit Salad A mixture Water A compound

End of Lesson 1