Vitamins Complex organic substances vital to life – Uses tiny amounts – Only a millionth of a gram Known of Vitamins importance since the mid 1700’s Technology to research them since the 1900’s

Scurvy Deficiency of Vitamin C – Malaise, lethargy, shortness of breath, bone pain, loose teeth, poor healing… – 1700’s problem with the British Soldiers

Beriberi Disease of the nervous system – partial paralysis, weakness, mental confusion and death 1880’s Japanese Navy surgeon treated it by adding meats & vegetables to sailors’ diets Vitamin B1

Vitamins Between more than a dozen vitamin's were discovered – Starting with Vitamin A and ending with Vitamin B12

Vitamin Function Perform specific functions in the body by working with compounds called enzymes Enzyme function is slower and less effective without Vitamins – Long term there for short term deficiency is not as serious

Vitamins you need Organic found only in living things Human body cannot synthesize most Supplied in foods or dietary supplements

Water-Soluble Vitamins Dissolve in water Found in the water that’s present in foods Circulates freely in the blood and cell fluids Limited storage Best consumed daily

Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin C : Formation of collagen, brain hormones, immunity, antioxidant Citrus fruits, broccoli, strawberries, melon, green pepper, tomatoes, dark green vegetables, potatoes

Water-Soluble Vitamins Thiamin (Vitamin B1): Releases energy from foods, promotes normal appetite, nervous system function

Water-Soluble Vitamins Riboflavin (Vitamin B2): Release energy from food, promotes vision & healthy skin

Water-Soluble Vitamins Niacin Vitamin B3: Energy production from foods, acid digestion, normal appetite, healthy skin, nerves

Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin B6: Aids in protein metabolism, red blood cell formation, helps body use fat

Water-Soluble Vitamins Folic Acid: aids in protein metabolism, red blood cell formation, prevents birth defects – spine and brain, prevents heart disease

Water-Soluble Vitamins Vitamin B 12: Aids in building genetic materials, development of red blood cells and maintenance of the nervous system

Water-Soluble Vitamins Pantothenic Acid: energy & hormones Biotin: releases energy from carbs, aids in fat synthesis

Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin A: form skin & mucous membranes, increase resistance to infections, bone & tooth development, antioxidant

Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin D: hardening of bones and teeth, increase absorption of calcium Synthesized by sunlight action on skin

Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin E: protects A & E & fatty acids, prevents damage to cell membranes, antioxidant

Fat Soluble Vitamins Vitamin K: Helps blood to clot

Minerals 17 essential to humans Inorganic elements needed by your body Further chemical reactions in the body – Often work together with Vitamins Sturdy nutrients

Minerals Major Minerals: 0.1g or more needed daily Trace Minerals: 0.01g or less needed daily

(Major Minerals) Sodium & Potassium Maintain fluid balance in the body Helps nerve impulses and sensations to be transmitted Potassium – muscle contractions, heart beat

(Major Minerals) Calcium & Phosphorus 99% of bodies calcium is in the bones With phosphorus it provides strength and structure Calcium plays a role in clotting, muscle action, heart rate and fluid balance

Deficiency of Calcium Osteoporosis: A loss in bone density due to a prolonged deficiency of calcium Calcium is so important the body will pull it from the bones if you do not get it in your diet

(Trace Minerals) Iron Forms part of hemoglobin which carries O2 Body will store and recycle

(Trace Minerals) Zinc Needed to form proteins Role in making DNA Metabolized carbs and helps digestion Aids in healing

(Trace Minerals) Manganese Aides enzymes that metabolize protein and release energy Needed for bone growth & nervous system function

(Trace Minerals) Fluoride Mineralization of bones and teeth Works with Phosphorus and Calcium Strengthen bones and help teeth resist cavities