IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: Impact of Polar Climate Change on Living Systems LIVE INTERACTIVE YOUR DESKTOP Thursday, June 14, :30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time

1.Introductions 2.Tec-help info 3.Web Seminar training 4.Presentation 5.Evaluation 6.Chat with the presenter Agenda:

Al Byers Assistant Executive Director NSTA Susan Hurstcalderone Science Teacher Volunteer Chat Moderator Jeff Layman Tech Support NSTA NSTA WS Staff

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NSTA WS Staff We would like to know more about you…

How many web seminars have you attended? A. 1-3 B. 4-5 C. More than 5 D. This is my first web seminar. E. I don’t know what is a web seminar. Use the letters A-E located at the top left of your actual screen to answer the poll Poll #1

Where are you now?

What grade level do you teach? A. Elementary School, K-5. B. Middle School, 6-8. C. High School, D. I teach college students (undergrad and/or grad students). E. I am an Informal Educator Poll #2

IPY/NSTA Web Seminar: Impact of Polar Climate Change on Living Systems LIVE INTERACTIVE YOUR DESKTOP Thursday, June 14, :00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time

Cold Microbes: From Global Cycles to Genomes David Kirchman College of Marine and Earth Studies University of Delaware Lewes, Delaware

Greenhouse gases like CO 2 are increasing in the atmosphere Year CO 2 in atmosphere

How much has the average global temperature changed due to greenhouse gases and human activity? A.Not at all. B.Not at all yet, but may in the future. C.About 1 o C so far, may be as high as 6 o C by the year D.About 2 o C so far, may be as high as 10 o C by the year 2100.

Arctic Ocean will be free of ice by 2040?! ?

Organic Matter + O 2 CO 2 Bacteria and animals Phytoplankton and other plants Autotrophs Heterotrophs Microbes consume and produce many greenhouse gases, especially CO 2

Seawater after staining for DNA Heterotrophic bacteria (about 0.5  m)

How many bacteria are in the oceans? Cells per ml What is your estimate? 100 1, ,000 1,000,000

Phytoplankton (plants) Protist grazers Bacteria Detritus CO 2 Larger grazers CO 2 50% in warm oceans Fate of plant (primary) production in the oceans

Phytoplankton (plants) Protist grazers Bacteria Detritus CO 2 Larger grazers CO 2 Are bacteria and other microbes as “active” in the Arctic as elsewhere? What fraction goes this route in the Arctic?

Weak, inactive bacteria  strong classical food chains Pomeroy and Diebel (1986) [M. Webber-USFWS]

It’s cold up there! o C in water -20 o C in sea ice (salinity = 20%) Why microbes may not be so active in the Arctic:

Polar bear swim by Kirchman

Are bacteria and other microbes as “active” in the Arctic as elsewhere? TrueFalse

How many cells are growing and are active in taking up organic material? Microautoradiography 1. Incubate with 3 H-organic material 2. Fix and filter 3. Embed into photographic film emulsion 4. Develop and analyze

Microautoradiography: single cell assay for organic material use Bacterium 3 H-amino acids 3 H Photographic film emulsion

Cells stained for DNA (0.5  m) Silver grains, indicating uptake of 3 H amino acids

Arctic bacteria are active, even in freezing water!! % of cells detectable by FISH

Questions?

Microbes both produce and consume greenhouse gases, like CO 2 and methane (CH 4 ). TrueFalse What have you learned?

The biomass (weight) of whales is greater than that of bacteria in the oceans. TrueFalse What have you learned?

What types (“species”) of marine bacteria are in the Arctic Ocean and in the global carbon cycle?

Answers from genomics ge·nom ic (je’ nom’ ik) adj.The study of the structure and function of large numbers of genes simultaneously.

Many genomes are now sequenced. >200 marine microbes now being sequenced 2007 Draft of human genome

Metagenomics (environmental genomics) Genes isolated directly from microbial communities without culturing in the lab.

Giovannoni and Rappe (2000) Lots of marine bacterial “species”, many new and still not isolated. Torsvik et al. (2002): 160 Venter et al. (2004): 1,800-45,000

What you should have learned:  Climate change is real, especially in the Arctic, which is very sensitive to global warming.  Microbes are important because of their abundance and their role in consuming and producing greenhouse gases.  Data about genomes help us understand microbes in the Arctic and other natural environments.

What is going to happen to our climate and the biosphere??

Thank you!

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National Science Teachers Association Gerry Wheeler, Executive Director Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning LIVE INTERACTIVE YOUR DESKTOP NSTA Web Seminars Flavio Mendez, Program Manager Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator Susan Hurstcalderone, Volunteer Chat Moderator

NSDL: Selecting and Using Digital Phenomena and Representations for Middle School Science Instruction June 19, :30 PM Eastern Time

NSTA SciGuides: Provide tools to quickly and easily locate targeted science content information and teaching resources from NSTA-reviewed science web sites.

Web Seminar Evaluation ipylife2.asp