Natural Selection Or, how did we get here…. (Courtesy of Dr. David R. Brodbeck, Department of Psychology, Algoma University) Or, how did we get here….

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Evolution and Darwin.
Advertisements

Natural Selection Or, how did we get here….. Natural Selection The Theory of Natural Selection is so simple that anyone can misunderstand it…. (Anonymous)
Natural Selection It is a two step process:
Bellringer – Study for Chapter 13 Quiz -Selective Breeding -Hybridization -Inbreeding -Genetic Engineering -Restriction Enzyme -Gel Electrophoresis -Recombinant.
Natural Selection Or, how did we get here….. Natural Selection  The Theory of Natural Selection is so simple that anyone can misunderstand it…. (Anonymous)
Psychology 3906 Animal Cognition Dr. Dave Brodbeck.
Biology/Psychology 2606 Dr. David Brodbeck. History and Origins of the Study of Brain and Behaviour oThe course is about the relationship between brain.
Evolution. What is evolution? A basic definition of evolution… “…evolution can be precisely defined as any change in the frequency of alleles within a.
DARWIN. DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION All species of organisms living on Earth today are descended from ancestral species All species of organisms living.
Natural Selection Or, how did we get here….. Natural Selection The Theory of Natural Selection is so simple that anyone can misunderstand it…. (Anonymous)
Part I Variation and Adapatation Part II Natural Selection
Darwin’s Idea for Natural Selection By Kristi Schramm.
Evolution and Darwin.
The Theory of Evolution
Evolution Evidence shows that living things have changed over time. Evolution is the change in hereditary features of a species over time. Although many.
Ch. 15 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Psychology 2606 Dr. David Brodbeck. History and Origins of the Study of Brain and Behaviour o The course is about the relationship between brain and behaviour.
Natural Selection Or, how did we get here….. Key concepts: Communicate scientific understandings using descriptions, explanations, and models Explain.
Unit 7-Change with Time (Evolution). Evolution ► Change With Time ► The development of new types of organisms from pre-existing types of organisms over.
EVOLUTIONEVOLUTIONEVOLUTIONEVOLUTION. Questions to Ponder TRUE/FALSE 1. You can web your hands if you try. 2. You can acquire traits in your lifetime.
Do Now What different ways do these animals use to move about? What traits does each animal have that help it move about as it does?
 There are several scientists who observed and predicted the causes behind evolution.  Evolution- the development of new organisms from pre-existing.
14.1 Theories of Evolution. Early Theory- Lamarck  Lamarck believed that organisms adapted to their environments. His theory was based on 3 incorrect.
Mechanisms of Evolution How does this all work?.
Natural Selection Darwin’s Big Idea. Charles Darwin (born February 12, 1809) was a British scientist. He sailed around the world as a naturalist, recording.
15.2 Theories of Evolution. Evolution Organisms change over time…
Evolution Descent with Modification Within a species, each individual has slightly different characteristics Natural Selection Nature chooses who is best.
Chapters 16 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. Chapter 16 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Evolution- The process by which organisms have changed over time.
Darwin vs. Lamarck. Lamarck Darwin Jean-Baptiste LaMarck French, Early 1800’s Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Two main points…
Evolution by natural selection How do species change over time?
Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery. Darwin’s Epic Journey Charles Darwin- born in England on February 12 th, 1809 (same day as Abraham Lincoln) Born in a time.
Evolution: How Change Occurs Chapter Developing a Theory of Evolution evolutionary theory is fundamental to the study of Biology Genetics, ecology,
History of Evolution Chapter 9. Which came first?
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. POINT > Review the ideas that shaped Darwin’s thinking POINT > Describe postulates that underlie natural selection.
Darwin’s Evolution A Theory of Evolution. How did the giraffe get its long neck ? Lamarck had an idea… Lamarck had an idea… Organisms acquire traits.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution (Chapter 15) Please set up your notebook for Cornell Notes.
Evolution Evolution- changes that have transformed life over time.
Natural Selection. A. Species overproduce offspring that may survive an environment. B. There is little variation among members of a population. C. Competition.
Ch. 22 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
16.1 Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Due Pass to the middle. Intervention Signatures Darwin vs. Lamarck
How Do Darwin and Lamarck’s Theories Compare?
Natural Selection Or, how did we get here…..
Chapter 16: Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
Darwin Presents His Case (Ch 16.3)
Ch. 19 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
EVOLUTION VOCAB Chapter 14 & 16
Ch. 22 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
Chapter 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
Evolution Charles Darwin was an English naturalist.
Ch. 19 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas?
Ch. 22 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
Theories of Evolution 15.2 pp
EVOLUTION: DARWIN vs. LAMARCK
Ch. 22 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
How Can We Best Understand Darwin’s Theory?
E V O L U T I O N.
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Darwin’s Ideas.
The “A” TEAM Ecology TEST.
Ch. 22 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
Evolution is not the only theory
Evolution ( ) Goal: Be able to explain and give examples of the evidence that led Charles Darwin to form his Theory of Evolution.
Biology/Psychology 2606 Dr. David Brodbeck.
Descent with Modification:
Psychology 3926 Animal Cognition
Ch. 22 Warm-Up What do you remember about Charles Darwin and his scientific ideas? According to Campbell, what is the definition of “evolution”?
Darwin Presents His Case
What do you notice about the different birds?
Presentation transcript:

Natural Selection Or, how did we get here…. (Courtesy of Dr. David R. Brodbeck, Department of Psychology, Algoma University) Or, how did we get here…. (Courtesy of Dr. David R. Brodbeck, Department of Psychology, Algoma University)

Natural Selection  The Theory of Natural Selection is so simple that anyone can misunderstand it…. (Anonymous)  Charles Darwin ( ) saw three problems in need of a solution.  Darwin was not the only one to see these problems BTW  Other ‘Naturalists’ were struggling with the same issues  The Theory of Natural Selection is so simple that anyone can misunderstand it…. (Anonymous)  Charles Darwin ( ) saw three problems in need of a solution.  Darwin was not the only one to see these problems BTW  Other ‘Naturalists’ were struggling with the same issues

Problem the First  There is change over time in the flora and fauna of the Earth  What we would commonly call ‘evolution’ today  The fossil record showed this to be pretty clear, even to people in the mid 1800s  This was not controversial in Darwin’s time, and is not now.  There is change over time in the flora and fauna of the Earth  What we would commonly call ‘evolution’ today  The fossil record showed this to be pretty clear, even to people in the mid 1800s  This was not controversial in Darwin’s time, and is not now.

The Second Problem  There is a taxonomic relationship among living things  People were big into classifying stuff  It was pretty obvious that there was a relationship between different species  Different birds, different grasses, different cats etc  There is a taxonomic relationship among living things  People were big into classifying stuff  It was pretty obvious that there was a relationship between different species  Different birds, different grasses, different cats etc

The Third Problem  Adaptation  Different kinds of teeth for different animals, say carnivore ripping teeth and herbivore grinding teeth  Different tissues within species  Heart vs. eye etc.  Adaptation  Different kinds of teeth for different animals, say carnivore ripping teeth and herbivore grinding teeth  Different tissues within species  Heart vs. eye etc.

The Solution!  Natural Selection provides a mechanistic account of how these things occurred and shows how they are intimately related.  It is one of those ‘oh man is that ever easy, why didn’t I think of that?’ type things.  Natural Selection provides a mechanistic account of how these things occurred and shows how they are intimately related.  It is one of those ‘oh man is that ever easy, why didn’t I think of that?’ type things.

How’s it work?  There is competition among living things  More are born or hatched or whatever, than survive and reproduce  Reproduction occurs with variation  This variation is heritable  Remember, there was NO genetics back then, Chuck knew, he just knew….  Realized that is wasn’t ‘blending’  There is competition among living things  More are born or hatched or whatever, than survive and reproduce  Reproduction occurs with variation  This variation is heritable  Remember, there was NO genetics back then, Chuck knew, he just knew….  Realized that is wasn’t ‘blending’

How’s it Work?  Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population  This selection is done by the environment  Those which are best suited reproduce  They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young  Selection Determines which individuals enter the adult breeding population  This selection is done by the environment  Those which are best suited reproduce  They pass these well suited characteristics on to their young

How’s it Work?  REPRODUCTION is the key, not merely survival  If you survive to be 128 but have no kids, you are not doing as well as I am  I have reproduced…  Assuming the traits that made me successful will help them then I amore fit NOW than the 127 year old guy  REPRODUCTION is the key, not merely survival  If you survive to be 128 but have no kids, you are not doing as well as I am  I have reproduced…  Assuming the traits that made me successful will help them then I amore fit NOW than the 127 year old guy

This lecture keeps evolving…..  Survival of the Fittest (which Chucky D NEVER said) means those who have the most offspring that reproduce  So, the answer to the trilogy of problems is:  ‘Descent with modification from a common ancestor, NOT random modification, but, modification shaped by natural selection’  Survival of the Fittest (which Chucky D NEVER said) means those who have the most offspring that reproduce  So, the answer to the trilogy of problems is:  ‘Descent with modification from a common ancestor, NOT random modification, but, modification shaped by natural selection’

Different types of selection  Directional Selection  What most of us think about when we think about selection  An extreme value is selected for  Human brain size is a nice example  Directional Selection  What most of us think about when we think about selection  An extreme value is selected for  Human brain size is a nice example

Different kinds of selection  Stabilizing or Normalizing selection  The middle is selected for  Many examples here  Symmetry  Two eyes  Stabilizing or Normalizing selection  The middle is selected for  Many examples here  Symmetry  Two eyes

Different kinds of selection  Disruptive selection  Extremes are selected for  Might be where the two sexes come from  Trait was probably gamete sized  Two ‘mating types’  Disruptive selection  Extremes are selected for  Might be where the two sexes come from  Trait was probably gamete sized  Two ‘mating types’

Other Evolutionary Theories  Lamarckism  Inheritance of acquired characteristics  E.g., giraffes really wanted leaves, so they stretched their necks and…..  Sounds crazy, but a lot of people think this way  ‘We will all have giant heads and tiny bodies someday’  ‘Cave dwelling fish don’t use their eyes so they disappear’  ‘We don’t use our appendix so it is disappearing’  Lamarckism  Inheritance of acquired characteristics  E.g., giraffes really wanted leaves, so they stretched their necks and…..  Sounds crazy, but a lot of people think this way  ‘We will all have giant heads and tiny bodies someday’  ‘Cave dwelling fish don’t use their eyes so they disappear’  ‘We don’t use our appendix so it is disappearing’