APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 1 Overview of Australian Bureau of Meteorology Satellite Activities Country Report for Australia

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 2 Services provided by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology uweather forecasts and warnings (and tsunamis) uclimate and hydrological information uin support of aviation, shipping, defence, industry and the general public, to enhance economic and social well-being

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 3 Main Activities ABoM uLocal reception of satellite data l e.g.NOAA, GOES-9, FY-1D, FY-2C, MODIS. uIndirect reception of satellite data l e.g. GOES, Meteosat, ERS-2, DMSP, ENVISAT, Quikscat. uRanging of geostationary satellites uArchive of meteorological data uproduct generation and development uNational and international activities (e.g.APSDEU, WMO, MOUs, APSATS, APRSAF, GEOSS) ueducation and training (led by BMTC) uEnsure national & international user access to real time satellite data and products

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 4 WMO space-based sub-system of the WWW’s Global Observing System (2004) Unparalleled international cooperation has been achieved in satellite activities*

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 5 Local ground stations uRationale for local reception: l timeliness; l full resolution; l low cost, relatively low maintenance; l backup to Melbourne Head Office (security of access to data). uRanging geo satellites - TARS - MOU with China

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 6 Locally received satellite data uMTSAT-1R/FY-2C: Melbourne HO & Crib Pt (near Melbourne) uNOAA: Crib Pt (2), Darwin, Perth, Casey (Antarctica), Alice Springs, Davis coming uFY-1D: Melbourne, Darwin, Casey uMODIS: Hobart, Perth, (Alice Springs from ACRES); AIRS Melbourne uHobart, Alice Springs, Perth - consortia uMTSAT-1R, FY-2C - Perth, Darwin, Brisbane & Sydney, plus Melbourne

Crib Point - south of Melbourne (SE Australia)

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 8 MTSAT-1R and FY-2C applications uMultiband imagery usolar radiation uAtmospheric Motion Vectors uvolcanic ash detection uassimilation of radiances into NWP models uData Collection Platforms

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10 Example of output from the Bureau's solar radiation model using MTSAT-1R visible observations and ancillary data

AMVs at 3 levels derived from GOES-9 images, processed using McIDAS before assimilation into NWP models

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 12 FY-2C 30 Jan UTC

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 13 MTSAT-1R 0333 UTC, 9 May 2005 colour- enhanced composite with Vis, IR: HiRID

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 14 Data Collection Platforms uAutomatic weather stations - geo relay (MTSAT) uSeal level gauges - geo relay uDrifting buoys - NOAA DCPLS

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 15 Polar orbiter applications uATOVS retrievals uSea Surface Temperatures uNormalised Difference Vegetation Indices uGrassland Curing Indices usea ice monitoring ulow cloud/fog detection ubushfire monitoring (hotspots, smoke) uvolcanic ash detection umultichannel composites uGPS estimates of Total Precipitable Water – joint project with Melbourne University – to improve NWP models.

TC Thelma

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 17 Australian region sea surface temperature map from NOAA satellite data in degrees Celsius.

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 18 Maximum Value Composite NDVI product

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 19 FY-1D

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 20 Indirectly received satellite data uMeteosat & GOES from SSEC, UKMO, Eumetsat uNOAA from SSEC University of Wisconsin uINSAT from Internet uscatterometer e.g. from GTS or QuikSCAT from NOAA/NESDIS uERS altimeter in BUFR from GTS uENVISAT RA and AATSR ftp from ESA uSSM/I DMSP from NOAA/NESDIS uATOVS (SATEMs) from NOAA/NESDIS & UKMO uSATOB AMVs and SSTs

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 21 QuikSCAT: Wind barbs (in knots), colour-coded via wind speed: 0 - black, 5 - blue, 10 - light blue, 15 - cyan, 20 - aqua, 25 - green, 30 - lime green, 35 - yellow, 40 - orange, 45 - red, >50 brown.

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii May 2003 Night - EST AVHRR – 0300 AATSR – 2200 MODIS – 2230 AMSRE – –17.0 O S 138.5–141.0 O E

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 23 Current SpBOS (Space-based Observations Section) activities uGeo satellite systems –MTSAT-1R HRIT; upgrade ingest/computer hardware –Brisbane DR; Perth, Darwin FY-2C/D –C-TARS uPolar orbiter network –upgrade ingest/computer hardware –METOP

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 24 SpBOS current activities uCore processing, archive & applications –maintain operational satellite processing systems + archive –intercalibration system to improve quality –AMVs –geo hotspots with NOAA –15yr solar exposure climatology - NCC& BRS –GCI and SSTs with CAPS (software system) –IMOS SST activities –GPS water vapour –RARS satellite data exchange –APSATS-2006 uX-band –3 new ground stns; products

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 25 Future Plans for Bureau satellite activities ufurther direct reception; ufurther access to non-local RT products (GTS, Internet); uMajor Government injection of funds for satellite oceanography activities Bluelink, Marine Observing Systems ufurther education & training and promotion to improve utilisation, with Bureau's Training Centre; uquality and performance measurement; uX-band data management and new ground stations (Crib Pt, Darwin, Antarctica) uMODIS workshops and software exchange/stds uenhanced data assimilation into NWP models, especially regional/mesoscale e.g. ATOVS, AIRS uestablishment of RT time data dissemination i.e. RARS uIGDDS, WIS, GEOSS contributions

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 26 NOAA HRPT station upgrade uUpgraded stations (new antenna and mount): 2 at Melbourne Crib Pt, Darwin, Perth - new computer systems and ingest cards next 12 months at all stations including Casey and Alice Springs; Metop capability being added uNew station at Davis Antarctica - installation this summer (by end April 2007) uStations in network by early 2007: total seven comprising Melbourne Crib Pt (2), Darwin, Perth, Alice Springs; Casey and Davis in Antarctica

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 27 National X-band Satellite Station Network (NSSN)

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 28 TERSS - Hobart

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 29 Major X-band project (AUS $5M) uend to end approach - ingest processing, archive, data management, products,education and training, integration of data with other systems e.g. NWP, visualisation unew X-band stations Darwin, Melbourne and Casey.

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 30 X-band Milestones uWASTAC Perth X-band products Dec 2006 uDarwin and Melbourne operational - mid 2007 uCasey, Antarctica opnl - summer 2007/08 umicrowave links early-mid 2007 uDarwin/Crib Pt products mid-late 2007 incl NWP uAust Govt funded - Townsville upgrade to X- band

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 31 National network uAlice Springs - 2 stations - GA uPerth - WASTAC-X Consortium uHobart - TERSS Consortium uBureau planned: l Darwin - mid 2007 l Crib Point near Melbourne - mid-2007 l Casey, Antarctica - summer 2007/08 upossible NCRIS IMOS funded - Townsville upgrade to X-band

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 32 u5 deg elevation unational network

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 33 Australian AVHRR and MODIS developments ucoordinated reception networks, processing and dissemination umajor Australian agencies coordinate to develop standardised data processing systems for AVHRR, MODIS for use in Australian ground stations; uCommon AVHRR Processing System (CAPS) and IMAPP, SeaDAS now in use at ground stations in Australia;

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 34 Bureau Composite Observing System uX-band or advanced satellite system use is part of a larger major Bureau activity, namely a Bureau Composite Observing System ugreater importance attached to integrated or composite observing systems e.g. satellite soundings complementing upper air networks; usatellite data to play a greater role e.g. increased accuracy allows for compensation of any reductions in conventional networks uBureau is heavily investing in new NWP assimilation systems which have a voracious appetite for satellite data especially ATOVS data, hence growing importance is attached to RARS data.

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 35 Satellite versus radiosonde soundings

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 36 Australia: current capabilities for RARS uData Acquisition l soon seven HRPT stations l by early 2008 five X-band stations - two part owned ABoM uReception: all NOAAs, FY-1d for HRPT stations, plus all Terra and Aqua overpasses uRoughly 15 passes per day per station uDistribution: WAN across Australia, plus optical fibre within Head Office, plus Internet; GTS

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 37 ABoM areas involved with RARS uOEB (satellite area) uCCSB (web, comms, servers, GTS, data management) uWOSPB (services) uInternational affairs uExecutive

APSDEU-7, September 2006, Honolulu, Hawaii 38 Australia: requirements uRequirements via RARS: l ATOVS, ASCAT; also MODIS, AIRS, IASI, DMSP (e.g.SSM/IS) uGeographical regions: global. Australian region requirements well met but would like to expand to Antarctica and NZ, then global uSatellites for RARS data: NOAA, Metop, DMSP, ENVISAT, NPP, NPOESS, FY-3, Aqua, Terra uData formats: BUFR mainly, possibly HDF (for ATOVS Level 1d) uTimeliness: 30 mins preferably uModelling - expected to adopt UKMO NWP system uAccess Mechanisms: initially GTS; later would like satellite broadcast

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